This chapter summarizes common themes and some ongoing controversies addressed in this volume. Common themes include the growing agreement regarding distinctions between affect proper and cognition about affect, between incidental and integral affect, between implicit and explicit affective attitudes, and between instrumental and affective outcome expectancies/attitudes. The need for a common taxonomy of affect constructs is clear, and this chapter provides preliminary distinctions as a starting point for further refinement. It overviews aspects that require more in-depth theorizing such as behavior-specificity in affect–behavior relationships, and the relationship among affect, social processes, and behavior. Finally, it highlights how the impact of affective determinants on health behavior may be intervened on via three separate routes (independent, direct, moderated), using examples across various chapters within the volume.