Effective HIV Prevention and Treatment for Pregnant Mothers and Their Children
Effective HIV Prevention and Treatment for Pregnant Mothers and Their Children
This chapter discusses the unique HIV/AIDS transmission patterns, progression of disease, and treatment constraints in young children that require prevention and treatment options tailored to this population. It examines interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission and decrease maternal death. The chapter stresses that, in preventing infants from acquiring HIV from mothers, it is as essential to prevent men from transmitting the virus to women as it is to prevent women from transmitting the virus perinatally. The chapter then turns to the latter stage of perinatal transmission and to postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child. The most relevant data for developing countries on diagnosis and treatment of infants who become HIV infected is described. Finally, there are significant consequences to children born to HIV-infected mothers but who remain HIV uninfected—HIV-exposed children; this often neglected aspect is covered in some depth.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, mother-to-child transmission, maternal mortality, perinatal transmission, postnatal transmission, diagnosis, treatment, HIV-exposed
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