- Title Pages
- Foreword
- A Preface to Three Prefaces
- Book One Artifact In Behavioral Research
- 1 Perspective: Artifact and Control
- 2 Suspiciousness of Experimenter's Intent
- 3. The Volunteer Subject<sup>1</sup>
- 4 Pretest Sensitization<sup>1</sup>
- 5 Demand Characteristics and the Concept of Quasi-Controls<sup>1</sup>
- 6 Interpersonal Expectations: Effects of the Experimenter's Hypothesis<sup>1</sup>
- 7 The Conditions and Consequences of Evaluation Apprehension
- 8 Prospective: Artifact and Control<sup>1</sup>
- Book Two Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research
- The Nature Of Experimenter Effects
- 1 The Experimenter as Observer
- 2 Interpretation of Data
- 3 Intentional Error
- 4 Biosocial Attributes
- 5 Psychosocial Attributes
- 6 Situational Factors
- 7 Experimenter Modeling
- 8 Experimenter Expectancy
- Part II Studies Of Experimenter Expectancy Effects
- 9 Human Subjects
- 10 Animal Subjects
- 11 Subject Set
- 12 Early Data Returns
- 13 Excessive Rewards
- 14 Structural Variables
- 15 Behavioral Variables
- 16 Communication of Experimenter Expectancy
- Part III Methodological Implications
- 17 The Generality and Assessment of Experimenter Effects
- 18 Replications and Their Assessment
- 19 Experimenter Sampling
- 20 Experimenter Behavior
- 21 Personnel Considerations
- 22 Blind and Minimized Contact
- 23 Expectancy Control Groups
- 24 Conclusion
- Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A Follow-up
- Book Three The Volunteer Subject
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Characteristics of the Volunteer Subject
- 3 Situational Determinants of Volunteering
- 4 Implications for the Interpretation of Research Findings
- 5 Empirical Research on Voluntarism as an Artifact-Independent Variable
- 6 An Integrative Overview
- 7 Summary
- Appendix
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Pretest Sensitization 1
Pretest Sensitization 1
- Chapter:
- (p.93) 4 Pretest Sensitization1
- Source:
- Artifacts in Behavioral Research
- Author(s):
Robert E. Lana
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter discusses research designs in which subjects are measured on the dependent variable before and after the treatment has been implemented, and the concern is that pretest measurement may have sensitized the subjects so that they respond differently to the treatment than had they not been pretested.
Keywords: pretest sensitization bias, learning, attitude change, before-after designs, respond, repeated measurements
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- Title Pages
- Foreword
- A Preface to Three Prefaces
- Book One Artifact In Behavioral Research
- 1 Perspective: Artifact and Control
- 2 Suspiciousness of Experimenter's Intent
- 3. The Volunteer Subject<sup>1</sup>
- 4 Pretest Sensitization<sup>1</sup>
- 5 Demand Characteristics and the Concept of Quasi-Controls<sup>1</sup>
- 6 Interpersonal Expectations: Effects of the Experimenter's Hypothesis<sup>1</sup>
- 7 The Conditions and Consequences of Evaluation Apprehension
- 8 Prospective: Artifact and Control<sup>1</sup>
- Book Two Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research
- The Nature Of Experimenter Effects
- 1 The Experimenter as Observer
- 2 Interpretation of Data
- 3 Intentional Error
- 4 Biosocial Attributes
- 5 Psychosocial Attributes
- 6 Situational Factors
- 7 Experimenter Modeling
- 8 Experimenter Expectancy
- Part II Studies Of Experimenter Expectancy Effects
- 9 Human Subjects
- 10 Animal Subjects
- 11 Subject Set
- 12 Early Data Returns
- 13 Excessive Rewards
- 14 Structural Variables
- 15 Behavioral Variables
- 16 Communication of Experimenter Expectancy
- Part III Methodological Implications
- 17 The Generality and Assessment of Experimenter Effects
- 18 Replications and Their Assessment
- 19 Experimenter Sampling
- 20 Experimenter Behavior
- 21 Personnel Considerations
- 22 Blind and Minimized Contact
- 23 Expectancy Control Groups
- 24 Conclusion
- Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A Follow-up
- Book Three The Volunteer Subject
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Characteristics of the Volunteer Subject
- 3 Situational Determinants of Volunteering
- 4 Implications for the Interpretation of Research Findings
- 5 Empirical Research on Voluntarism as an Artifact-Independent Variable
- 6 An Integrative Overview
- 7 Summary
- Appendix
- Author Index
- Subject Index
