This chapter discusses adult foster care (AFC) programs. AFC homes, as a community-integrated, small, family-based housing and care option, can satisfy the goals of several confluent happenings: (a) The U.S. federal court decision in Olmstead v. L.C. requires that people of all ages with disabilities be housed in the most appropriate integrated (into the community) setting possible; (b) the preference of most people is to live in non-institutionalized, home-like living environments; and (c) public agencies are promoting the expansion of community-based housing and care options as a means of containing the growth in long-term care costs. Among the strengths of AFC are its informality, sociability, spontaneity, and familism; the meaningful role AFC provides for the provider; and the greater level of integration of this option into the surrounding community, because the provider's private home is less obtrusive than multi-unit housing or institutions. Weaknesses include the difficulty of monitoring these small homes, which are dispersed throughout the community; the widely varying staff-to-resident ratios among homes; and the inconsistent level of professionalism of the providers.