Loss and Recovery of the Middle Territory, 350–345
Literary evidence, coins, and Persian records of prisoner transfers allow us to reconstruct the story of Phoenician and Cypriot revolt in reaction to Persian efforts to mount another Egyptian campaign as quickly as possible after the 351 failure. By 348, Phoenician cities, having gained promises of support from Nectanebo, king of Egypt, revolted and succeeded in driving off the Persian response led by Mazaeus. Cypriot revolt followed. Artaxerxes moved slowly and carefully, amassing a huge force to deal with Phoenician cities and Egypt and creating another force led by the Athenian Phocion to deal with Cyprus. The great size of the Persian army carried the day in 345, impelling the surrender of the Sidonian king. Artaxerxes had Sidon burned with great loss of life. This served to bring about surrender of other rebel cities.
Keywords: Sidon, Tennes, Phoenician Revolt, Cypriot Revolt, Mentor, Artaxerxes III, Bagoas
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