(p. 259 ) Appendix 3 Tables 1–5; Graph 1
Table 1. Description of the illustrations comprising John's vita in the Lambeth Apocalypse MS 209, fos. 40v–45
|
Folio Reference |
Brief description of John's actions |
|---|---|
|
40v top |
John preaches to three converts while Drusiana listens |
|
40v bottom |
Drusiana is baptized by John inside a church while armed pagans peer in |
|
41 top |
John brought before the proconsul at Ephesus |
|
41 bottom |
John put on a boat to be sent to the Emperor Domitian |
|
41v top |
John brought before Domitian |
|
41v bottom |
Two attendants roughly handle John while Domitian sits with his hand on his sword indicating judgement |
|
42 top |
John tortured in a cauldron of boiling oil with Domitian presiding |
|
42 bottom |
John emerges unharmed from the torture and Domitian orders him to be taken away into exile |
|
42v top |
John taken off to Patmos on a boat |
|
42v bottom |
John arrives back in Ephesus and is greeted by a group of figures who inform him of Drusiana's death |
|
43 top |
Raising of Drusiana by John |
|
43 bottom |
Atticus and Eugenius (converts) complain to John that they are sick of being dressed in rags; John turns their sticks into gems |
|
43v top |
John rebukes Atticus and Eugenius; now they are rich again they will succumb to the evil consequences of wealth |
|
43v bottom |
The people try to make John sacrifice to Diana; John prays for the temple to be destroyed which it is and the people become converts |
|
44 top |
John challenged to drink poison by proconsul. Power of poison demonstrated by testing it on two criminals who collapse |
|
44 bottom |
John drinks from the poisoned cup and is unharmed |
|
44v top |
Aristodemus takes John's cloak on the orders of the proconsul |
|
44v bottom |
Aristodemus raises the two criminals to life by touching them with John's cloak |
|
45 top |
Last mass celebrated by John |
|
45 bottom |
John lies in his tomb while his soul is carried up to heaven by angels |
Table 2. Possible order in which the images for Dürer's Apocalypse Series of 1498 were produced
|
Actual order in Dürer's Apocalypse Series of 1498 |
Possible order of production based on analysis undertaken in Chapter 5 |
|---|---|
|
D1. The Martyrdom of St John |
D7. The Seven Trumpets (Rev. 8, 9) |
|
D2. The Vision of the Seven Candlesticks (Rev. 1: 12–20) |
D13. The Worship of the Lamb (Rev. 14: 1–5) |
|
D3. St John and the Twenty‐Four Elders (Rev. 4, 5) |
D3. St John and the Twenty‐Four Elders (Rev. 4, 5) |
|
D4. The Four Horsemen (Rev. 6: 2–8) |
D14. The Whore of Babylon (Rev. 17–19) |
|
D5. The Opening of the Fifth and Sixth Seals (Rev. 6: 9–17) |
D10. The Apocalyptic Woman (Rev. 12: 1–6) |
|
D6. The Four Angels Holding the Winds (Rev. 7: 1–12) |
D8. The Four Avenging Angels (Rev. 9: 13 ff.) |
|
D7. The Seven Trumpets (Rev. 8: 1– 9: 12) |
D11. St Michael Fighting the Dragon (Rev. 12: 7–9) |
|
D8. The Four Avenging Angels (Rev. 9: 13–19) |
D12. The Two Beasts (Rev. 13) |
|
D9. St John Devouring the Book (Rev. 10: 1–11) |
D1. The Martyrdom of St John |
|
D10. The Woman Clothed with the Sun (Rev. 12: 1–6) |
D4. The Four Horsemen (Rev. 6: 2–8) |
|
D11. St Michael Fighting the Dragon (Rev. 12: 7–9) |
D5. The Opening of the Fifth and Sixth Seals (Rev. 6: 9–17) |
|
D12. The Two Beasts (Rev. 13) |
D6. The Four Angels Holding the Winds (Rev. 7: 1 ff.) |
|
D13. The Worship of the Lamb (Rev. 14: 1–5) |
D15. The Binding of Satan and the New Jerusalem (Rev. 20: 1–3; 21–2) |
|
D14. The Whore of Babylon (Rev. 17–19) |
D9. St John Devouring the Book (Rev. 10: 1–11) |
|
D15. The Binding of Satan and the New Jerusalem (Rev. 20: 1–3; 21–2) |
D2. The Vision of the Seven Candlesticks (Rev. 1: 12–20) |
-
Notes: First Stage: D7, D13, D3.
-
Second Stage: D14, D10, D8, D11, D12, D1.
-
Third Stage: D4, D5, D6.
-
Fourth Stage: D15, D9, D2.
Table 3. Summary of the visual and textual content of Cranach's Passional Christi und Antichristi of 1522
|
Image pair |
Life of Christ (brief description of image) |
Life of the Antichrist‐as‐Pope (brief description of image) |
Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Christ fleeing the Jews as they attempt to make him king |
The Pope shown defending his claims to secular rule with canon and sword |
Melanchthon cites the forged Donation of Constantine |
|
2 |
Christ crowned with thorns |
Pope crowned with triple tiara |
— |
|
3 |
Christ washes feet of disciples |
Pope presents his foot for kings and princes to kiss |
Rev. 13: 15 cited: Pope compared with the Beast of Rev. 13 |
|
4 |
Christ pays authorities their dues |
Pope demands exemption for his followers |
— |
|
5 |
Christ among the poor and lame |
Pope presides over a tournament |
— |
|
6 |
Christ tells followers to take up their crosses |
Pope depicted being carried in a sedan chair |
Melanchthon says (ironically) that this is the Pope taking up his cross of adversity |
|
7 |
Christ preaching the Kingdom of God |
The Pope feasting in a royal manner |
— |
|
8 |
Christ's birth: the humble nativity scene |
The Pope depicted armed and ready to wage war |
The Pope willing to spill Christian blood in order to ensure clerical possession of property |
|
9 |
Christ's peaceful entry into Jerusalem on an ass |
Pope riding in state on a military steed flanked by soldiers |
— |
|
10 |
Christ tells his disciples that they should go to the poor |
Contrasted with the papal command that no bishop should preside over anything but a great town |
— |
|
11 |
Christ's disciples reprimanded for eating with unclean hands; Christ says that it is not observance of external laws that matters |
The Pope shown seated on his throne issuing commands about such external laws |
Papal law wholly concerned with external signs of religious observance |
|
12 |
Christ drives the money changers from the Temple |
The Pope presides over a sale of indulgences within a church |
Citation: 2 Thess. 2: 4 which says that the ‘man of sin’ sits in God's Temple displaying himself as God |
|
13 |
Christ's Ascension |
The Pope is dispatched downwards to hell |
Citations: 2 Thess. 2: 8 and Rev. 19: 20–1 (The Beast is thrown in the Lake of Sulphur) |
Table 4. A Summary of the main polemical details in Cranach's Apocalypse illustrations for Luther's New Testament of September 1522
|
Image Number |
Chapter |
Polemical Details |
|---|---|---|
|
C11 |
Rev.11: 1–8: The Beast devours the Two Witnesses |
The Beast wears the papal triple tiara |
|
C13 |
Rev. 13: The Two Beasts, one from the land, the other from the sea |
The Sea‐Beast is wearing a monk's cowl |
|
C16 |
Rev. 15–16: The Bowls of wrath emptied, one of them over the Dragon |
The Dragon wears the papal triple tiara |
|
C17 |
Rev. 17: The Whore of Babylon |
The Whore of Babylon wears the papal triple tiara |
|
C18 |
Rev. 18: The Destruction of Babylon |
‘Babylon’ is clearly recognizable as Rome and those who lament her fall are depicted as canonists and benefice‐holders |
Table 5. A Comparison of Dürer's and Cranach's Apocalypse Series
|
Dürer's Apocalypse 1498/1511 |
Cranach's Apocalypse illustrations, 1522 |
Book of Revelation chapter reference |
|---|---|---|
|
D1. The Martyrdom of St John |
— |
— |
|
(Small woodcut of John receiving his vision from the angel) |
1: 1 |
|
|
D2. The Vision of the Seven Candlesticks |
C1. The Vision of the Seven Candlesticks |
1: 12–20 |
|
D3. St John and the Twenty‐Four Elders |
C2. St John and the Twenty‐Four Elders |
4–5 |
|
D4. The Four Horsemen |
C3. The Four Horsemen |
6: 2–8 |
|
D5. The Opening of the Fifth and Sixth Seals |
C4. The Opening of the Fifth Seal |
6: 9–17 |
|
C5. The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Great Earthquake and the Day of Wrath |
6: 12–17 |
|
|
D6. The Four Angels Holding the Winds |
C6. The Four Angels Holding the Winds |
7: 1–12 |
|
D7. The Seven Trumpets |
C7. The Seven Trumpets |
8: 1–9: 12 (Last trumpet blown in 11: 15) |
|
C8. The Fifth Trumpet, Plague of Locusts |
9: 1–6 |
|
|
D8. The Four Avenging Angels |
C9. The Four Avenging Angels (Sixth Trumpet) |
9: 13–19 |
|
D9. St John Devouring the Book |
C10. St John Devouring the Book |
10: 1–11 |
|
C11. The Two Witnesses |
11: 1–13 |
|
|
D10. The Apocalyptic Woman |
C12. The Apocalyptic Woman |
12: 1–6 |
|
D11. St Michael Fighting the Dragon |
12: 7–9 |
|
|
D12. The Two Beasts |
C13. The Two Beasts |
13 |
|
D13. The Worship of the Lamb |
C14. The Worship of the Lamb |
14: 1–5 |
|
C15. The Harvest of the Earth |
14: 14–20 |
|
|
C16. The Angels with the Seven Bowls |
15–16 |
|
|
D14. The Whore of Babylon |
C17. The Whore of Babylon |
17 |
|
C18. The Fall of Babylon |
18 |
|
|
C19. The Rider on the White Horse and the Defeat of Satan |
19–20 |
|
|
D15. The Binding of Satan and the New Jerusalem |
C20. The Binding of Satan |
20: 1–3; 21–2? |
|
C21. The New Jerusalem |
21–2 |
Notes:
Bold Font: appears in the Cranach series only.
Italic Font: appears in the Dürer series only.

Graph 1. The Seven Case Studies plotted on the Kovacs/Rowland Grid