Understanding the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: A Multicountry Examination
This chapter examines female early-stage entrepreneurial activity across thirty-nine countries, using data on two time periods, 2003 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008. The chapter confirms the existence of a gender gap in entrepreneurship at the global level. Further, the chapter finds evidence that the observed U-shaped relationship between economic growth and entrepreneurial activity holds even when only women are considered although with prevalence rates that are significantly lower than those of men for all countries in our sample. Finally, the chapter finds some preliminary evidence that institutional support specifically aimed at fostering gender parity is important in determining both the proportion and rate of women’s entrepreneurship.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, gender differences, country context, institutional support, women, GEM
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