The epidemiology of sleep and cardiovascular risk and disease
The epidemiology of sleep and cardiovascular risk and disease
This chapter summarizes the wealth of recent evidence to support the epidemiological link between quantity of sleep (short and long duration of sleep) and quality of sleep (like difficulties in falling asleep or of maintaining sleep), and both fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes, like myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, namely hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and other disturbances of glucose metabolism, and lipids. It describes observed gender differences in the risk and the meaning of U-shaped relationships, which in part may reflect different pathways and potential mechanisms. As the potential population and public health implications of such findings may be significant, it is imperative that the causality of the associations described be determined and the reversibility of the effects tested.
Keywords: epidemiology, burden, risk factors, costs, cardiovascular, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, obesity, type 2 diabetes
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