From Factory to Enterprise, from Enterprise to Business Group
This chapter describes a broad trend in the transformation of the structure of companies and unions in Japan from the end of the Second World War to the present day. Four periods are identified: the first decade after 1945 when many unions sprung up at the factory level; the 1950s and 1960s when corporate consolidation led to the unification of factory unions into enterprise unions; the 1970s and 1980s when the diffusion of corporate groupings led to the formation of roren (i.e., union federations organised along the lines of a corporate group); and the years since the recession of the 1990s when corporate spin-offs and rationalization were challenging unions to redefine their boundaries. For each period, the types of corporate boundary, hierarchical boundary, or workforce boundary that became topical and contentious are discussed.
Keywords: Japanese company, corporate groups, Japanese unions, factory unions, enterprise unions
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