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Corporate Networks in Europe and the United States$
Corporate Networks in Europe and the United States

Paul Windolf

Print publication date: 2002

Print ISBN-13: 9780199256976

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2010

DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256976.001.0001

(p. 243 ) Index

Source:
Corporate Networks in Europe and the United States
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Abelshauser, W. 51
Abramowitz 153
Adams, M. 55
agents without principals 49, 121
Alba, R. 110
Albert, M. 207
alliance capitalism 52, 54
alumni networks 9
amakudari 140
atomization 187
Baker, G. 62
bank-hegemony 44, 49, 67–8
interlocking directorates 67
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 221
Beck, U. 130
Berle, A. 37
Bhide, A. 4, 80
Birnbaum, P. 129
Blumberg, P. 62
Böhm, F. 6
Bourdieu, P. 15, 145
British managers 124, 131, 137, 143
bureaucratic control 101
bureaucratization 95
Burt, R. 8, 109, 165
Campbell, D. T. 83, 210
capitalism 169, 199
capital networks 1, 40–1, 55, 69, 90, 160
in East Germany 160
structure of 40–1
cartel contracts
legality of 5
‘cash-concentration’ contract 163
centralization 95
chaebol 9, 25, 154, 224–5
Chandler, A. 30, 51–2, 78, 84, 224
Clark, R. 78
the Clayton Act (1914) 4, 7, 30
Clegg, H. 210
codetermination 192–3, 209–10
legal rights to 192
Coffee, J. 202
Coleman, J. 15
combine stability 117
comparative institutional analysis 21
competitive capitalism 30, 51, 76
United States 51
concentration of ownership 90–1
Confederation of German Employers’ Associations (BDA) 146
Confederation of German Industry (BDI) 146
constellation of interest 41, 55
contingency theory 10
contractual combine 63
controlled competition 115, 154
conversion of power 198
cooperative capitalism 51, 70, 76
Germany 51
corporate economy 28
corporate governance and codetermination 190
corporate networks 16, 21, 31, 36–7, 53, 99, 153–4, 169
configuration of 53–5
in Eastern Europe 169
structural differences 31–6
structure of 21–3, 37
cosmopolitan networks 114–16
creative destruction’ 21, 173
Schumpeter’s notion of 173
‘crony capitalism’ 9, 12, 23, 156
Crouch, C. 24
cultural contingency theory 10–11
Czada 153
Czapinski, J. 170
Daems, H. 89
‘Daimler-Benz’ social circle 120
Davis, G. 49, 62, 121
‘decorations by the Crown’ 145–6
de facto combine 62
degree of ownership concentration 38
deindustrialization 189
dependent economy 177
differentiation 128
professional careers 128–9
DiMaggio, P. 84, 133
distribution of risk 211–12
dual ownership structure in Poland 185
economic elite 171, 196
characteristic of capitalism 171
reproduction and circulation 196–8
economic organization 155
traditional forms of 155–6
economic privatization 163
economic sociology 21
educational capital 137
Eisenstadt, S. 175
elite networks 16, 99–100, 117
position approach 100
positions and decisions 99
(p. 244 ) embedded autonomy 154
employee-‘owned’ firms 194
employee ownership
privatization method 194
employee stock ownership plans (ESOP) 193–4
substitute for codetermination 193
entrepreneurs 125, 126
definition of 125–8
top-level managers 126
equity stakes 183
ESOP 194
Evans, P. 154
external ownership 187, 195
highly concentrated 195
external recruitment 138
family capitalism 78–81, 85, 89
decease of 89
French 85
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 5, 21
Federation of German Employers 74
Feldman, G. 5
‘fictitious capital’
assets 80
Flassbeck, H. 189
Fligstein, N. 21, 23, 110, 126
freely purchasable stock (‘free float’) 219
Freeman, J. 83
French capitalism 77–8, 207
evolution of 77–94
modernization 78–80, 82–3
Friedkin, N. E. 68
Fukuyama, F. 24, 157
functionalist theories 8
Galbraith, J. K. 125
Gerlach, M. 52
German capitalism 207
German combine law 62
German cooperative capitalism 224
German finance sector 108
German managers 124, 131, 141
Giddens, A. 99
Gierke, O. Van 12
governance structure
characteristic of capitalism 171
of large firms 191
gradualism 170
Granovetter, M. 8–9, 154
Graziano, L. 157
groupes industriels 1, 25, 83
grupos económicos 154
guanxiqiye 9, 154
Hannah, L. 28, 53
Hannan, M. 83
Hayek, F. A. 31, 36, 171
Heinz, W. R. 124
Herman, E. 121
Hilferding, R. 80
Hill, S. 104
Hobsbawm, E. 154
‘holding company network’ 86, 89–90
Hommelhoff, P. 56, 104
ideology
characteristic of capitalism 171
increasing rates of return 209
indegree 60–1, 64
individual firms 49
‘centrality’ within the network 49
individualization 128, 130, 149
professional careers 130
infiltration
of large enterprises 148
informational asymmetries 23, 106, 195
institutional contingency theory 10–11
institutional environment 173–5
institutional investors 56, 59, 80–1, 123
institutionalization 129–30
professional careers 129
institutional model 169
institutional restructuring 217
institutional shareholders 60
integration
professional careers 129
integration networks 114
interdependencies 127
interdependent relationships 103–6
interlocking directorates 55–7, 67–70, 74–6, 90, 92, 109, 116–17, 145–6, 156–9, 163–7, 212–15
degree of overlap 69
dominated by western owners 167
and interest representation 74–5
sectoral structure 70
internal recruitment 138–9
interpenetration 148
between economic and political elites 148
invention of tradition 154
investment privatization funds (IPF) 182
investor capitalism 77, 202
Josephson, M. 4
Kadushin, C. 110
‘keiretsu’ (cooperative business groups) 1, 7, 24, 52–56, 69, 83, 109, 154, 158, 178, 209–10, 217, 224–5
Keohane, R. 56, 127
King, L. 184
Kocka, J. 79
Konzern 1, 25, 52, 154, 155, 158
laissez-faire 176
Lehmbruch, G. 24
(p. 245 ) liberal market economy 170
liberal paradox’ 4
liquidity
and strategic options 80
‘lock-in’ 22
‘Lock-in’ effects 208
Lütz, S. 12
manager—entrepreneur 124
managerial capitalism 27, 77, 80–2, 85, 89–90, 195, 198, 202, 207
rise of 89
managerial control
by the market 123
through ownership 122
by peers 122
managerial domination
interlocking directorates 68
managers as owners 107–9
Marin, B. 26, 156
market capitalism deregulated 202
‘market societies’ 31
mass privatization 186
Mathis, F. 53
Mayer, K. U. 130
McCraw, T. 4
Means, G. 37
meritocracy 95
Mintz, B. 44
Mizruchi, M. 27, 34, 100
‘Money Trust’ 3–4, 26–7
Moore, G. 110
‘Morganization’ 27
Morikawa, H. 52
Morin, F. 36, 55, 86
multilevel control network 86–9
multiple-directors 100, 105–7, 110, 115–6, 122, 124, 128, 132–5, 145
career paths 124
economic elite 115
education and career 124
Murrell, P. 173
National Investment Funds (NIFs) 186
network
degree of centralization 35
network membership 145
network theories 8–10
networks 14, 26, 29, 41
as institutions 14
in Germany 29–30
overlap of 41–3
in the US 26–8
Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) 155
Newman, P. 52
nomenclature members 200–1, 203
nomenclature privatization 162
Nörr, K. 6
North, D. 21–2, 154, 208
Numazaki, I. 9
‘old-boys’ network see alumni networks
organized capitalism 6
Ouchi, W. 83
outdegree 35, 45, 48, 60–1, 64
ownership 37–9, 195, 199
fragmentation of 195
ownership concentration 181
ownership patterns 217
ownership structure 218
Pahl, R. E. 100
pantouflage 35, 89, 95, 140
Pare to, V. 117
partial modernization 175
Pastré, O. 36
path dependency 22, 176, 208
patronization 157
Pejovitch, S. 78
planification 89, 224–5
Pohl, H. 125
Polanyi, K. 4, 173–4
political exchange 156
Pound, J. 123
Powell, W. W. 55, 84, 133
power or control theories 8–9
Prais, S. J. 62
Presthus, R. 99
prisoner’s dilemma 56
privatization 169, 178, 180, 183, 186, 202
in Eastern Europe 169
non-financial transaction 180
redistributive effects of 178
through liquidation 186
privatization methods
characteristic of capitalism 171
professional competence 200
professionalization 130–1
profit maximization 39
promotion 140
speed of 140–4
property rights
network configurations 101
‘prophets of regulation’ 4–5
public offerings 185–6
Pujo Commission 3, 4, 28
rational redistribution 175, 177
‘real’ socialism
bureaucritic repression of 173
reciprocity and redistribution 175
recombinant property 85, 183
regulated competition 64, 76
the Reichsgericht, the Imperial Supreme Court in Germany 5
relation de contrôle 86
(p. 246 ) relations d’alliance 88
relations d’intermédiation 88
reproduction rate 192
resource dependencies 8, 67–8, 103, 127
interlocking directorates 67
retention
social evolution 83
Riesser, J. 29
‘robber barons’ 6–7, 28, 79
Roe, M. 4
Rutland, P. 169, 194
Schmitter, P. 36
Schmoller, G. 6, 12, 49, 51
Schwartz, M. 44
Scott, J. 41, 55, 122
‘securitization of debt’ 221–3
Security Exchange Act (1934) 4
selection
social evolution 83
selectivity
professional careers 130
self-adjusting market 172–3, 201
shachokai 69
shareholder-value capitalism 77–8, 80–2, 122
financial control 81
Sherman Act of 1890 (antitrust law) 4–5, 7, 30
shock therapy 170
Simmel, G. 109
social capital 15, 145
social circles 109–14, 116
stability 116–20
‘social closure’ 9, 95
social cohesion
interlocking directorates 68
social evolution 83
theories of 83–5
solidarity 185
spontaneous order 173–5, 201
‘spontaneous’ privatization 178, 186, 201
stability of position 117
standardization 128
Stark, D. 183
state capitalism 176, 187, 201
state ownership 89
state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 162
Stinchcombe, A. 116
Streeck, W. 224
Strouse, J. 3, 28
‘structural holes’ 165, 167
Suleiman, E. 85
‘sunk costs’ 209–10
supervisory board 117
Swaan, A. de 211
Swedberg, R. 156
Szomburg, J. 185
technical contingency 10
technological innovation 127
technology-sharing compacts 127
Tittenbrun, J. 172
top-down privatization 178
transaction-cost theories (lock-in effects) 21–2, 208
‘unification myths’ 188
Useem, M. 40, 74, 81, 102, 110, 129, 146
Uzzi, B. 8, 23
Van Rossem, R. 177
variation
social evolution 83
‘vertical’ recruitment 148
virtual network 120
voucher privatization 191
Wegener, B. 120
Wehler, H. -U. 6
welfare capitalism 170–1
Swedish model of 171
‘wild east’capitalism 170, 173
excesses of 170, 173
Williamson, O. E. 8, 12, 22, 54, 109
Windolf, P. 8, 63, 119, 149, 162, 188, 210
‘window of opportunity’ 188, 201–2
for reunification 188
Winkler, J. T. 100
Wood, C. 8, 23
Wood, S. 119
‘worker-bee syndrome’ 155
worker codetermination 185
Yamauchi, K. 54, 69
zaibatsu (family clan) 7, 52, 210
Zeitlin, M. 77