EC environmental law in the national legal order
This chapter discusses the concept of direct effect, and addresses the question of the extent to which individuals can invoke EC environmental directives in national courts. Three fundamental questions are: who can invoke directives, under what conditions, and against whom? The chapter examines the extent to which the principle of consistent interpretation offers added value for the purposes of enforcement of environmental directives. It then shifts the focus to the extent to which national courts and authorities are under a Community obligation to ensure effective implementation and application of environmental law.
Keywords: European Community law, direct effect, national courts, principle of consistent interpretation, enforcement, environmental directives
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