Epidemiological methods and concepts in the nineteenth century and their influences on the twentieth century
This chapter focuses on epidemiology in the 19th century. It describes the emergence of what has historically been the specific contribution of epidemiology to science; that is, the progressive constitution of a coherent ensemble of methods and concepts, aimed at assessing health determinants and based on two principles — population thinking and group comparisons. It then discusses pre-formal epidemiology and the influence of 19th-century epidemiology on early modern epidemiology.
Keywords: epidemiology, confounding, population thinking, group comparisons, methods and concepts
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