Nazi Germany’s Intervention in the Spanish Civil War and the Foundation of Hisma–Rowak
This chapter discusses Germany's intervention in the Spanish Civil War. It describes the involvement of Johannes E. F. Bernhardt, a German citizen resident in Tetuán, in the insurrection which commenced in Spanish Morocco and broke out on the Spanish mainland. It states Bernhardt's offer of assistance to General Francisco Franco, one of the leaders of the Spanish rebellion against the Spanish republican government in Madrid. It discusses the founding of a private company known as Hisma which, being officially Spanish, would handle the camouflaging of the German supply and transport operations It also discusses the foundation of another organization which would deal with the German end of the economic relationship between Germany and Spain. It names the organization as Rohstoff–Warren–Kompensation Handelsgessellschaft AG (Rowak), which was intended to complete Goering's control over Germany's economic relations with Nationalist Spain.
Keywords: Germany, Spanish Civil War, Johannes E. F. Bernhardt, Spanish Morocco, General Francisco Franco, Hisma, Rowak, economic relations
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