Cognitive Reserve and Aging
The concept of reserve has been proposed to account for the disjunction between the degree of brain damage and its clinical outcome. After reviewing epidemiologic data supporting the concept of cognitive reserve, this chapter focuses on methodologic approaches for imaging studies intended to delineate the neural underpinnings of cognitive reserve (CR). It suggests three interrelated questions that can guide this research: Do old and young individuals use the same or different networks to mediate task performance? If they use the same network, can CR be related to individual differences in network efficiency and capacity? If they use different networks, can CR be related to this compensatory activation? Finally it raises the possibility that CR might be mediated by a generalized network that is independent of the specific demands of the task at hand.
Keywords: efficiency, capacity, compensation, dedifferentiation, aging, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive reserve
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