Temporal Dynamics in Categorization
This chapter identifies weaknesses in formal logical approaches to categorization by discussing Russell's Paradox with set theory and the Sorites Paradox, and by tracking the continuous temporal dynamics of the categorization process. On the way toward selecting a discrete response in a categorization task, a participant's simultaneous partial consideration of multiple categories is revealed by continuous real-time measures, such as eye-tracking. Experimental results and simulations (with the normalized recurrence localist attractor network) are shown for animal categorization tasks, visual object categorization, and categorical speech perception. It is argued that constraints on action, rather than some internal “cognitive bottleneck”, are responsible for producing category-like effects.
Keywords: Russell's Paradox, Sorites Paradox, categories, fuzzy logic, eye movements, localist attractor networks, typicality, categorical perception, speech perception
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