Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons
Glial cells exert a reciprocal influence on axons, affecting both structure and function in ways that have important physiological consequences. The functional abnormalities associated with myelin pathology arise not from myelin defects alone, but from a combination of the myelin damage per se and secondary alterations in the demyelinated or dysmyelinated axons, involving changes in the structural differentiation of the axon and in the complement and distribution of axolemmal ion channels. This chapter reviews this subject using as prototypical examples studies previously carried out on congenitally myelin-deficient animals, and on acutely and chronically injured myelinated nerve fibers.
Keywords: axons, demyelination, dysmyelination, glial cells, myelin defects, myelin pathology, axolemmal ion channels
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