(p. iv )

• Oxford New York

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• Copyright © 2000 by Carol J. Oja

• Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
• 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

• Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press

• All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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• electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
• without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.

• Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
• Oja, Carol J., 1953–
• Making music modern : New York in the 1920s / Carol J. Oja.
• p. cm.

• Includes bibliographical references, discography, and index.
• ISBN 0-19-505849-6
• 1. Music—New York (State)—New York—20th century—History and criticism.
• 2. Composers—New York (State)—New York. I. Title.
• ML200.8.N5 O43 2000
• 780′.9747′ 109042—dc2199-052604

• Epigraph sources:
• Langston Hughes, “The Fascination of Cities,” Crisis 31 (January 1926).
• Gertrude Stein, “Composition as Explanation,” in What Are Masterpieces
• (London: Hogarth Press, 1926); reprinted in Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein,
• ed. Carl Van Vechten (New York: Random House, 1946).

• Manfred Bukofzer Publication Endowment
• of the American Musicological Society
• H. Earle Johnson Fund of the Society for American Music

• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

• Printed in the United States of America
• on acid-free paper

(p. xiii )

New York is truly the dream city—city

of the towers near God, city of hopes and

visions, of spires seeking in the windy

air loveliness and perfection.

—Langston Hughes, 1926

There is singularly nothing that makes a

difference a difference in beginning and

in the middle and in ending except that

each generation has something different

at which they are all looking.

—Gertrude Stein, 1926