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Creating Citizens$
Creating Citizens: Political Education and Liberal Democracy

Eamonn Callan

Print publication date: 1997

Print ISBN-13: 9780198292586

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: November 2003

DOI: 10.1093/0198292589.001.0001

(p. 257 ) Index

Source:
Creating Citizens
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
aboriginal culture, 192–3
abstract moral thought, 72–5, 114–16, 208
Acadians, 167, 179
Ackerman, B. A., 132–3, 138, 208
Adams, R. M., 19, 60, 221, 228
African‐Americans, 99, 124–6
Afrocentrism, 168, 124–5, 235–6
Almond, B., 239
Ancess, J., 124
Aristotle, 177, 243
Asante, M. K., 124
assimilation, 144, 172–3
Augustine, Saint, 156–7
autonomy, 103, 227–30, 237
and choice, 52–9, 147–52
freedom, 148–9
and the good, 42, 51–69, 151, 154–6, 190, 202–3
and justice, 40–3, 46–51, 68–9, 77
and pluralism, 41–3, 59, 66–8, 148
and political virtue, 11, 39–50, 132, 135, 191–2, 227–9
and religion, 18–19, 31–2, 36–9, 57, 150–1
Baier, A. C., 75–6, 230
Baier, K., 228
Barber, B. R., 66, 126, 235
Barry, B., 8, 19, 119, 236
Barton, M. C., 56, 78
Becker, L. C., 68
Bell, D., 229
Bellah, R., 229
Benhabib, S., 84, 242
Bennett, W. J., 197
Berlin, I., 214
Bilgrami, A., 38
Bill 101, 134–5
Bird, C., 215, 224
Black, Justice, 224
Blustein, J., 208
Bodnar, J. E., 101
Bork, R., 206–8
Borris, R., 82
Brighouse, H., 239
Brink, D. O., 241
Brown, P., 156
Bryk, D., 164, 178–9, 194, 241
Buchmann, M., 235
Burbules, N., 211, 243
burdens of judgement, see justice as reasonableness
Burtt, S., 44, 141–2, 228–9, 236–7
Calhoun, C., 65, 71, 73, 75
Callan, E., 72, 195, 199, 201, 243
Calvin, J., 18
Canada, 90–1, 134–5, 142, 167, 216–17, 241
care: and communitarianism, 80–7
and dialogue, 202–9, 242
and justice, 70–87, 202, 231
and relationships, 72–3, 75–9, 81–7, 202–6
Carter, R. E., 207
charity, 133, 217, 243
children's needs, 138–41, 140–2
children's rights, 10, 147–8, 152–7, 187–90
choice, 52–9
as choosing, 56–9, 229
and responsibility, 58–9
as willing, 56–9
Christianity, 18, 38, 80, 150–1, 157–60
Amish, 54–5, 189
Calvinists, 38–9
Doukhobours, 241
fundamentalists, 141, 157–60, 168–9, 236
Jehovah's Witnesses, 5
Presbyterians, 39, 60
Roman Catholics 39, 44, 135, 164–5, 178–9, 241
Cohen, J., 226
Coleman, J., 88, 164, 241
Collier, J., 237
Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, 167
common education, 163–4
and assimilation, 172–3
dialogical task of, 177–80, 193–5, 202–20, 240, 242
and mutual respect, 172–4, 209
social cleavages, 163–5, 178, 195, 238
common schools, 118, 175, 239–41
and dialogue, 177–9, 182, 202, 206
and pluralism, 161, 164–6, 171–4, 193–5, 206, 214, 218
and religious education, 185–9, 239
communitarianism, 5–6
and autonomy, 52–67, 229
and liberal conceptions of justice, 52, 82, 85–7, 229 (p. 258 )
and liberal conceptions of practical reason, 181
and patriotism, 126–31
community:and Catholic schools, 178–9
and the good, 60–2
and political virtue, 9, 86–97, 118, 130, 202, 214
and the state, 97–9, 127–31
compassion, 200–1, 207
comprehensive liberalism:
and comprehensive doctrines, 13–18, 40–2
and oppression, 13–15, 18, 20, 43
and pluralism 14–15, 17–19
and political education, 15–16, 39–40
and private sphere, 14, 36, 39–43
varieties of, 18–20 see also political liberalism
conscience, see choice ; freedom
conservatism, 3, 4, 108
constitutional consensus, 45–51, 228, 238
Cooper, D. E., 239–40
Crittenden, B., 137
Cubberley, E., 172
cultural viability, 192–3
Cumming, L., 200
Damon, W., 240
Dan‐Cohen, M., 56–8
Darling‐Hammond, L., 124
Declaration of Independence, 120–1
Delattre, E. J., 197
Dent, G. W., 141
Dewey, J., 10–1, 17, 80–1, 162–3, 232
domination, 27, 48, 50, 75, 95, 149, 156–7, 217
Doppelt, G., 50
Douglas, Justice, 224
Dworkin, G., 227
Dworkin, R., 54, 95, 135, 198
Ellsworth, E., 211
Elmore, R. F., 239
equality, 2, 24, 128, 144–5, 148–9, 226, 231
ethnicity, 2–3, 26–9, 81, 128, 168, 172, 179, 207, 209
Exdell, J., 50, 227, 232
Feinberg, J., 4, 19, 88, 145, 224
feminism, 71, 77, 80–1
Fine, M., 216
Fishkin, J., 140, 143, 163
Flanagan, O., 208
Flathman, R. E., 10
Foot, P., 199
Foster, R. F., 234
Foucault, M., 114
Frankfurt, H., 117
Frankfurter, F., 5–7
Franklin, J. H., 99, 100
freedom, 4, 24, 128, 237
of association, 9, 143
of conscience, 23, 53–5, 143, 145, 157
and democratic self‐rule, 10–11
and patriotism, 118, 122–3, 224
of speech, 1–2, 184–5
freestanding political conception, see political liberalism
Freud, A., 138
Frothingham, O. B., 115
Fullinwider, R. K., 217, 243
Galston, W., 23–4, 44, 101–4, 108–14, 121–2, 134–5, 189, 225, 235, 237
Gaus, G., 243
generosity, 9, 86, 118–22, 128
Gettysburg address, 103
Gilligan, C., 70, 72–8, 80, 230
Gintis, H., 239
Glenn, C. L., 172
Goldstein, S., 138
Gosse, E., 133, 143
Graham, P. A., 125
Grant, G., 194
Greenspan, P., 105
Greven, P., 151, 237
Groome, T. H., 168
Gutmann, A., 10–1, 44, 109, 112, 141, 147, 229
Haldane, J., 29, 179
Hampshire, S., 51, 106
Hampton, J., 215
Hargreaves, D. H., 194, 239
Heaney, S., 170, 239
Helwig, C. C., 233
Herzog, D., 119
Hill, T., 152, 155, 237
historical imagination, 107–8, 118–19, 121–2, 128
history, see patriotism
Hoffer, T., 164, 241
Holland, P. B., 164, 178–9, 241
Holmes, M., 195, 214, 240
Holmes, S., 6
Houlgate, L. D., 140
Hume, D., 78–80
Hurka, T., 224
impartiality, 232
inclusion, see public reason
incommensurable values, 229
individuality, 10, 14, 18–19, 30, 39
Ingram, A., 148
innocence, 105–6, 202, 235
integrity, 31, 59–68, 140, 230 (p. 259 )
intimacy, 78–9, 81–7, 139, 143, 208
Inuit, 139
Ireland, 103–4, 107
Islam, 18, 38, 150
Jackson, R., 5–7, 214
Jacobin liberalism, 23–4
James, T., 172
Janowitz, M., 80
Janzen, W., 241
Jefferson, M., 105–6, 108
Jefferson, T., 120–1
Jiles, P., 82
Johnston, D., 22, 46–50, 228, 238
Judaism, 61–5, 150
justice, 77–8, 130, 132
circumstances of, 79–81, 131
psychological origins of, 76–7, 92–4
as remedial virtue, 79, 81, 83, 85 see also care ; justice as reasonableness
justice as fairness, see Rawls, J .
justice as reasonableness: and burdens of judgement, 25–36, 91, 95, 175, 177–8, 180, 191, 217–19
and the circumstances of justice, 79–80
and contextual sensitivity, 8, 26–8, 74, 231
and education, 16, 28, 34–40, 43, 46, 50–1, 68–9, 100, 175–81, 195, 214–20, 222–3
and the rational, 36, 48, 95–6, 127, 175, 180
and reciprocity, 25–8, 48, 95–6, 127, 175, 180
and trust, 9, 92–5, 98
as virtue of common pursuit, 76, 175 see also patriotism
Kammen, M., 101
Kant, I., 18–20, 39, 83–5
Kekes, J., 65
Killen, M., 233
kindness, 197–9
Klingemann, U., 56, 78
Kohlberg, L., 8, 73–4, 230–1
Kolakowski, L., 38
Krueger, L., 183
Kundera, M., 234–5
Kymlicka, W., 19, 54, 59, 224, 228–30, 236
language rights, 165, 167, 216–17, 219
Larmore, C., 224
Lee, Spike, 235
Lee, V. E., 164, 178–9, 194, 241
legitimacy, 14–15, 41, 101, 106
liberal democracy:
basic values of, 1–3, 9–11, 18, 24, 127–8, 143, 149
and citizens' identity, 124–6, 129–31
and civil society, 88–9
and institutional design, 2, 6–7, 97–8, 126–31
and loyalty, 88–131
Lomasky, L., 44, 137, 142, 147, 182, 225
McCarthy, T., 227
McConnell, M. W., 240
Macedo, S., 19, 36, 38, 54, 63, 88, 141, 146, 219, 225, 229
MacIntyre, A., 52, 59–60, 62–3, 126–8, 214, 236
McLaughlin, T. H., 7, 138, 240–1
manipulation, 48–51, 176
Martin, J. R., 168
Martin, R., 135
Mason, A., 224
Matthews, G. B., 236
Meyers, D. T., 227
Mill, J. S., 10–11, 14, 17–20, 39, 143, 197, 209–15, 232, 242–3
Miller, D., 8, 221, 233–4
Millett, K., 70–1
Minersville School District v. Gobitis , 5
moderation, 8, 195, 243
modus vivendi, 2, 45–6, 127–8
Monroe, K. R., 56, 78
Montmarquet, J. A., 243
moral character, 197–202, 204–5, 207
moral dialogue:
and conciliation, 212, 215
moral risks of, 196–7, 202, 213, 220
and pluralism, 177–9, 193–7, 201–4, 206–20
and reasonable agreement, 214–20
and truth, 203–10, 213–15, 220, 242 see also public reason
moral virtue, see moral character
morality of association, 76, 92–4, 176–7, 180–1, 202
Moshman, D., 240
Mouffe, C., 242
Mozert v. Hawkins County Bd. of Education , 141, 146–7, 157–61, 179, 237–8
Mulhall, S., 229
multicultural education, 207, 239–40
Murdoch, I., 205
Nagel, T., 37, 114, 214, 222, 232, 233
nationalism, 97, 233
Nedelsky, J., 77
Nickel, J., 92, 135, 136
Noddings, N., 78, 197, 202–6, 208–9, 242–3
Norman, W., 92 (p. 260 )
Nozick, R., 105, 144, 157
Nucci, L., 233
Nussbaum, M., 201
Oakeshott, M., 108
Okin, S., 232
Olneck, M. R., 236
Orfield, G., 239
original position, see Rawls, J .
overlapping consensus, 16, 35, 45–6, 50, 91, 97, 225–6, 228
parents' rights in education, 9, 23, 135, 236
and children's needs, 138–42
justification of, 138–47
rival interpretations of, 136–7
parents' role (cultural varaibility of), 139, 236–7
Parker, T., 115–21, 123, 130
patriarchy, 144–6, 240
patriotism, 80, 84, 224
and critical reason, 113–15, 119–21, 127, 235
and education, 80, 89–90, 98–131, 175, 178
and justice, 6–7, 9, 88, 94–100, 130–2, 175, 178, 198, 233
and political tradition, 117–26
psychological origins of, 92–4, 101, 230
sentimentality, 50, 101–21, 127, 235
Pauktuutit, 139
Pearse, P., 103, 106–7
perfectionism, 224
personal sovereignty, 145–52, 155–6, 189–91, 193
Peshkin, A., 38
Phillips, A., 225
Plato, 102, 109, 236
political alienation, 11, 32, 98–101, 113–14, 121
political conception of the person:
and derivation of right, 148–9
and justice as reasonableness 8, 24–8, 30, 33–4, 39, 43, 46, 50, 76, 226
and normative qualification for citizenship, 24, 228
and political education, 69, 180
political decentralization, 128–31
political education:
as basic to liberal democracy, 2–6
family as vehicle of, 35, 40, 76, 78, 92–3, 133, 175, 231–2
and literature, 122–3
and philosophical education, 112, 114–15, 119, 235
and political history, 99–123 see also common education ; justice as reasonableness ; patriotism
political liberalism:
and autonomy, 39–42
and basic structure of society, 15–16
and collapse into comprehensive liberalism, 41–3
and comprehensive doctrines, 16, 29–41
distinguished from comprehensive liberalism, 14–16
as freestanding political conception, 16, 28–30, 33, 225–6
and political education, 16, 28–9, 31–6, 39–42, 50
and reasonable disagreement, 16, 19, 29–36
two stages in development of, 226
varieties of, 19–20.
political participation, 9–10, 109–112, 114 see also political alienation
political virtue, 2–9 see also autonomy ; justice as reasonableness ; patriotism
postmodernism, 113–14
principled morality, 76, 93, 98
public reason:
and conflict with pluralism, 19, 50–1, 197, 222–3, 226–7, 242–3
and constitutional censensus, 45, 50
and inclusion, 22–3, 30–3, 225
and principles of justice, 15, 70
and publicity, 32–3
public sphere, 31, 34, 70–1
Quebec, 134–5
racism, 2, 22–3, 99, 120–6, 172–4
Rawls, J., 22, 148–9, 208, 215, 217–18, 237, 243
and defence of political liberalism, 12–21, 28–37, 39–42, 45–6, 225–7
and justice as fairness 7–8, 74
and original position, 8, 230–1
and political education, 13, 16, 39–40, 43–4, 50–2, 68–9, 92–4, 175–6, 243
and political virtue, 8–9, 12, 16, 24–5, 28, 74–7, 180–1, 191, 195
and theory of moral development, 9, 76–7, 92–4, 175–6, 180–1
Raz, J., 19, 191–2, 215, 228
reasonable doctrines, 29–31, 33, 36–9
reasonable pluralism, 75, 79–80, 181, 189, 191, 193, 225 (p. 261 )
and collapse of political into comprehensive liberalism, 41–3
as consequence of free exercise of reason 25–8, 66, 214
and moral dialogue in schools, 214–18
and public reason 16, 19–24, 175, 180, 215–18
reciprocity, see justice as reasonableness
Reiman, J. H., 208
religion, 2–3, 9, 15, 18, 26, 135, 140
and freedom of conscience, 53, 141–3
religious education, 38, 57, 60, 142–7, 164–5, 168–71, 178–9, 183, 185–9, 237, 239
Rice, S., 211
Richards, D. A. J., 148
rights:
as basic to liberal democracy, 1–2, 6, 9–10, 70, 232, 237
conflict of, 80, 137, 240–1
and duty, 136–7, 183–4
infringement and violation of, 137, 183
and interests 182–3
interpretation of, 74, 184–5, 240–1
and moral equality, 144–5, 147, 151–2, 154–6, 231, 237, 240–1
and responsibility, 72–3
standing up for, 81, 85–7
Robespierre, 4, 7
Rorty, R., 130–1
Rosaldo, M. Z., 237
Rose, S., 38, 168
Ruddick, S., 78
Ruddick, W., 144
Rushdie, S., 63
Ryan, A., 81, 229, 232
Sandel, M., 5–6, 53–5, 59, 79, 85–6, 97, 129–30, 229–30
Sangster, P., 237
Scanlon, T. M., 8
Scarry, E., 178
Schama, S., 4
Scheffler, S., 241
Schoeman, F., 143
school choice, 165, 239
Schrag, F., 143, 146, 236, 239
schools:
as means of political education 6, 35, 132–5, 140, 146–7, 159, 176–7, 196–220
as protecting children's rights, 154–5, 157
as threatening parents' rights, 140–2, 146–7 see also common schools ; separate schools
Scruton, R., 84
sentimentality, see patriotism
separate education, 164–70, 177, 179–81, 189
separate schools:
distinguished from common schools, 164–6
and language rights, 167–8
and religious education, 44, 178–9, 183, 185–9
state sponsorship of, 158, 166–9, 171, 174, 182–9, 239–41
and tolerance, 189–91 see also religious education
servility, 152–9, 188, 190, 192, 237
sexism, 21–2, 49, 120–1
Sher, G., 229
Sherman, N., 75–6
Shestov, L., 38
Simmons, A. J., 236
simple pluralism, 23–4, 225
Simpson, E., 108
Singer, I. B., 61–7
Slattery, B., 236
slavery, 115–17, 120–1
Smith, J. B., 241
Smith, R. M., 100–1
Solnit, A. J., 138
state, 126–31
Stevens, Justice, 54
Stolzenberg, N., 141, 157, 172–3, 214
Strawson, P. F., 230
Strike, K., 17, 28, 207, 241
Sullivan, W., 229
Swidler A., 229
Swift, A., 229
Tamir, Y., 233
Tanner, M., 118
Taylor, C., 92, 214, 229, 233
Thomas, L., 138
Thompson, D., 141
Thomson, J. J., 137
Tipton S., 229
Tocqueville, A. de, 96
tolerance, 6, 22–4, 44, 160, 166, 189–93
Tomasi, J., 232
Tronto, J., 231
trust, 9, 88, 93, 95, 98, 165–6, 193, 195
Turiel, E., 233
Tyack, D., 172
United States of America:
patriotism in, 5–6, 80–1, 89, 99–101, 104, 112, 115–26, 129–31, 223
United States Supreme Court, 5–6, 54
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 135, 185 (p. 262 )
unreasonable pluralism, 20, 22, 75, 80, 95, 194, 215–16, 221–2, 227
utilitarianism, 17, 41
values clarification, 207–8
van Gunsteren, H., 4
vices of unreason, 25, 27, 175, 215–16, 219, 243
Viroli, M., 195, 233
virtues of common pursuit, 75–8
Vitz, P. C., 160–1, 171, 238
Walzer, M., 110–11
Webber, J., 89–91, 233
Weinstock, D. M., 97–8, 234
well‐ordered society, 51, 93, 98, 176, 193, 226–7, 231
Welty, E., 122–3, 130
Wenar, L., 28, 39
Wesley, J., 150–2, 154
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette , 5, 224
Westbrook, R. B., 162, 194–5, 222
White, J., 63
White, Patricia, 44, 63, 224
White, Patrick, 200–1
Wilde, O., 103–5
Will, G., 4
Williams, B., 66, 23
Wills, G., 115
Wisconsin v. Yoder , 54–5
Wolf, S., 73, 199
Wuthnow, R., 89
Yanagisako, S., 237
Yeats, W. B., 104