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Offences and Defences$
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John Gardner

Print publication date: 2007

Print ISBN-13: 9780199239351

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2009

DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239351.001.0001

In Defence of Defences

Chapter:
(p. 77 ) 4 In Defence of Defences
Source:
Offences and Defences
Author(s):

John Gardner

Publisher:
Oxford University Press
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239351.003.0004

This chapter considers the tenability and importance of the distinction, often drawn by criminal lawyers, between ‘offences’ and ‘defences’. Various eliminative interpretations of the distinction are rejected, and the view is defended that justifying a wrong is importantly different from denying it. The moral (and more generally rational) importance of this distinction between denying and justifying wrongdoing is developed and illustrated in the first half of the chapter. The second half of the chapter tackles the further distinction, within defences, between justificatory and excusatory defences. It tries to show that excusatory defences are more like justificatory defences, and less like denials of responsibility, than has usually been supposed.

Keywords:   criminal law, justification, excuse, wrongdoing, responsibility

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