Bonding in Coordination Compounds
This chapter covers the electronic structure of coordination complexes, using the language of group theory throughout. The bonding of these complexes ranges from ionic (crystal field theory, or CFT) to covalent (molecular orbital theory). In CFT, group theory is employed to derive the terms split from a given atomic electronic state under the influence of a set of ligands. Other topics discussed include Orgel diagrams, Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, correlation of weak and strong field approximations, spin-orbit interaction (double group), etc. Regarding molecular orbital theory, techniques used in Chapters 3 and 7 are applied to coordination complexes, with the metal d-orbitals now playing a central role. These theories are then used to interpret a number of electronic spectra of complexes selected from the literature. The chapter concludes with sections on vibronic interaction in complexes and on the f-orbitals and their crystal field splitting patterns.
Keywords: charge transfer transitions, d-d transitions, crystal field theory, double group, eighteen-electron rule, electronic spectra of selected complexes, f-orbitals, Orgel diagrams, spectrochemical series, Tanabe-Sugano diagrams
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