Direct human impacts on high-latitude lakes and rivers
This chapter reviews and compares possible causes of environmental impacts on lake and river systems in the Arctic and Antarctica, with emphasis on the direct effects of local human activities. Potential impacts fall into three broad categories: physical processes, chemical contamination, and the introduction of exotic species, including microbial contaminants. This review focuses on physical and chemical impacts. Using a range of examples, the chapter illustrates similarities and differences between the Arctic and Antarctic and identifies characteristics of high latitude lake and river systems that may influence their susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbance, including potential cumulative or synergistic effects of local disturbance during a time of rapid global change.
Keywords: perturbation, exotic species, anthropogenic influences, contaminants, pollution, mercury, radionuclides, long range transport
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