Jump to ContentJump to Main Navigation
Fezzes in the River$

Sarah D. Shields

Print publication date: 2011

Print ISBN-13: 9780195393316

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: May 2011

DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393316.001.0001

(p. 289 ) Bibliography

Source:
Fezzes in the River
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

Government Documents and Unpublished Sources

League of Nations Archives, Geneva. Series: Mandates, Political, and Commission on the Elections in the Sanjak of Alexandretta, 1937–1938.

League of Nations. “Report of the Commission for the Organisation and Supervision of the First Elections of the Sanjak.” Geneva: 1938.

France, Archives des affaires étrangères, Paris and Nantes. Series: Syrie-Liban Cabinet Politique Ankara

Turkey, Başbakanlık arşivi, Ankara. Series: Dahiliye.

Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi

United Kingdom, National Archives, London. Series: Foreign Office, Colonial Office

United States, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. State Department Central Files

League of Nations, Official Journal 1936, 1937, 1938

Records of Syria, 1918–1973. Edited by J. Priestland. 15 vols. Cambridge: Archive Editions, 2005

Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre 1939–1945. Documents diplomatiques français. Series 1936–1939. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1963–

MacMurray Papers, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University.

Yeni Gün (Atayolu)

Interviews Conducted by Nüvis, Fall 2002

Published Sources and Dissertations

Alexandre, M.A. “Le conflict Syro‑Turc du Sandjak d’Alexandrette d’octobre 1936 à juin 1937, vu d’Antioche.” Entretiens sur l’évolution des pays de civilisation arabe 2 (1938): 105–41.

Altan, Cemren. “Populism and Peasant Iconography: Turkish Painting in the 1930s.” Middle Eastern Studies 41 (2005): 547–60.

Altuğ, Seda. “Popular Nationalism in Antioch during the French Mandate: The Making of the Sanjak of Alexandretta.” Chronos: Revue d’histoire de l’université de Balamand 13 (2006): 231–75.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.

Angell, Elizabeth. “Inventing Hatay: Turkish Nationalism, Minority Politics, and the Sanjak of Alexandretta Dispute.” MA thesis, St. Antony’s College, 2005.

(p. 290 ) Anghie, Antony. “Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy, and the Mandate System of the League of Nations.” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 34 (2002): 513–633.

Aoyama, Hiroyuki, and Malek Salman. “A Biography of Zaki al‑Arsuzi.” In Spiritual Father of the Ba’th: The Ideological and Political Significance of Zaki al-Arsuzi in Arab Nationalist Movements. Middle Eastern Studies Series, no. 49. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economics, Japan International Trade Organization, 2000.

Araman, Georges. “L’issue dramatique de la première guerre mondiale pour les Chrétiens de la region d’Antioche de Syrie.” Chronos: Revue d’histoire de l’université de Balamand 13 (2006): 337–77.

Archibugi, Daniele. “A Critical Analysis of the Self-determination of Peoples: A Cosmopolitan Perspective.” Constellations 10 (2003): 488–505.

Ari, Eyal. “The People’s Houses and the Theatre in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 32–58.

Arsuzi‑Elamir, Dalal. “Zaki al-Arsuzi and Syrian‑Arab Nationalism in the Periphery: The Alexandretta Crisis of 1936–1939.” In From the Syrian Land to the States of Syria and Lebanon, edited by Thomas Philipp and Christoph Schumann, 307–27. Beirut: Orient-Institut der DMG Beirut, 2004.

Aswad, Barbara. Property Control and Social Strategies: Settlers on a Middle Eastern Plain. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1971.

Aydın, Ertan. “Peculiarities of Turkish Revolutionary Ideology in the 1930s: The Ülkü Version of Kemalism, 1933–1936.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 55–82.Aydın,

Mustafa. “The Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy, and Turkey’s European Vocation.” The Review of International Affairs 3 (2003): 306–31.

Aytürk, İlker. “Turkish Linguists against the West: The Origins of Linguistic Nationalism in Ataturk’s Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 92–108.

Bandazian, Walter. “The Crisis of Alexandretta.” Ph.D. diss., The American University, 1967.

Barbaro, Jean Elie. La Question du sandjak d’Alexandrette. Aleppo: Imprimerie Rotos, 1941.

Barlas, Dilek. “Friends or Foes? Diplomatic Relations between Italy and Turkey, 1923–1936.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 36 (2004): 231–52.

Batatu, Hanna. “Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria’s Ruling, Military Group and the Causes for Its Dominance.” Middle East Journal 35 (1981): 331–44

Bazantay, Pierre. Enquète sur l’artisanat a Antioche. Beirut: Imperimerie Catholique, 1936.

Bazantay, Pierre. La pénétration de l’enseignement dans le sandjak autonome d’Alexandrette. Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1935.

Bendiner, Elmer. A Time for Angels: The Tragicomic History of the League of Nations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.

Bennett, Brian C. “Consequences of the War in Croatia at the Village and Urban Professional Levels.” In Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on Yugoslav Ethnicity, Culture, and History, edited by Joel Martin Halpern and David A. Kideckel, 203–88. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.

Berriedale, Keith. “Mandates.” Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 4 (1922): 71–83.

Bieber, Florian, and Stefan Wolff, “Introduction: Elections in Divided Societies.” Ethnopolitics 4 (2005): 359–63.

Bitterlin, Lucien. Alexandrette, le “Munich” de l’orient, ou, Quand la france capitulait. Paris: Jean Picollec, 1999.

Bonnet, Georges. Défense de la paix. Vol. 2: Fin d’une Europe. Genève: Éditions du Cheval Ailé, 1946–48.

Böröcz, József, and Melinda Kovács. “Empire’s New Clothes: Unveiling EU Enlargement.” Central European Review, 2001. http://www.ce‑review.org.

Bou‑Nacklie, N. E. “Les Troupes Spéciales: Religious and Ethnic Recruitment, 1916–1946.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25 (1993): 645–60.

Brown, Nathan. “Iraq’s Constitutional Process Plunges Ahead.” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, July 2005. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=17206.

(p. 291 ) Bruinessen, Martin Van. “‘Aslını inkar eden haramzadedir!’ The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis.” Working paper, Centre for the Study of Asia & the Middle East, Deakin University, Malvern, Victoria (Australia).

Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Genocide in Kurdistan? The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937–38) and the Chemical War against the Iraqi Kurds (1988).” In Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions, edited by George J. Andreopoulos, 141–70. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

Burke, Edmund III. “A Comparative View of French Native Policy in Morocco and Syria, 1912–1925.” Middle Eastern Studies 9 (1973): 175–86.

Çağaptay, Soner. “Passage to Turkishness: Immigration and Religion in Modern Turkey.” In Citizenship and Ethnic Conflict: Challenging the Nation‑state, edited by Haldun Gülalp, 61–82. London: Routledge, 2006.

Çağaptay, Soner. “Race, Assimilation and Kemalism: Turkish Nationalism and the Minorities in the 1930s.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 86–101.

Choueiri, Youssef M. Arab Nationalism: A History. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

Coakley, John. “Approaches to the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict: The Strategy of Non-Territorial Autonomy.” International Political Science Review 15 (1994): 297–314.

Cohen, William B. “The Colonial Policy of the Popular Front.” French Historical Studies 7 (1972): 368–93.

Çolak, Yılmaz. “Language Policy and Official Ideology in Early Republican Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 67–91.

Criss, Bilge, and Pinar Bilgin. “Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Middle East.” Middle East Review of International Affairs 1 (1997). http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/meria/journal/1997/issue1/jv1n1a3.html.

Dawisha, Adeed. Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Demir, Ataman. Through the Ages Antakya. Istanbul: Akbank, 1996.

Deringil, Selim. “The Ottoman Origins of Turkish Nationalism, Namik Kemal to Mustafa Kemal.” European History Quarterly 23 (1993): 165–91.

Deringil, Selim. Turkish Foreign Policy during the Second World War: An “Active” Neutrality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Dugdale, Blanche E. C., and Wyndham A. Bewes. “The Working of the Minority Treaties.” Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs 5 (1926): 79–95.

Eberhard, Wolfram. “Nomads and Farmers in Southeastern Turkey: Problems of Settlement.” Oriens 6 (1953): 32–49.

Eissenstat, Howard Lee. “The Limits of Imagination: Debating the Nation and Constructing the State in Early Turkish Nationalism.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Los Angeles, 2007.

Ersanlı, Büşra. “History Textbooks as Reflections of the Political Self: Turkey (1930s and 1990s) and Uzbekistan (1990s).” International Journal of Middle East Studies 34 (2002): 337–49.

Faksh, Mahmud A. “The Alawi Community of Syria: A New Dominant Political Force.” Middle Eastern Studies 20 (1984): 133–53.

Farley, Lawrence T. Plebiscites and Sovereignty: The Crisis of Political Illegitimacy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986.

Fink, Carole. “Minority Rights as an International Question.” Contemporary European History 9 (2000): 385–400.

Gageby, Douglas. The Last Secretary General: Sean Lester and the League of Nations. Dublin: Town House Press, 1999.

Garces, Laura. “The League of Nations’ Predicament in Southeastern Europe.” World Affairs 158 (1995): 3–17.

Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.

Gelvin, James L. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

(p. 292 ) Gelvin, James. “The League of Nations and the Question of National Identity in the Fertile Crescent.” World Affairs 35 (1995): 35–43.

Gelvin, James. “Modernity and Its Discontents: On the Durability of Nationalism in the Arab Middle East,” Nations and Nationalisms 5 (1999): 71–89.

Gilquin, Michel. D’Antioche à Hatay: L’histoire oubliée du Sandjak d’Alexandrette. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2000.

Güçlü, Yücel. “The Controversy over the Delimitation of the Turco‑Syrian Frontier in the Period between the Two World Wars.” Middle Eastern Studies 42 (2006): 641–57.

Güçlü, Yücel. The Question of the Sanjak of Alexandretta: A Study in Turkish‑French‑Syrian Relations. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2001.

Gudelevičiūtė, Vita. “Does the Principle of Self-Determination Prevail over the Principle of Territorial Integrity?” International Journal of Baltic Law 2 (2005): 48–74.

Gülalp, Haldun. “Introduction: Citizenship vs. Nationality?” Citizenship and Ethnic Conflict: Challenging the Nation‑state, edited by Haldun Gülalp, 1–18. London: Routledge, 2006.

Haddad, Mahmoud. “The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 26 (1994): 201–22.

Hannum, Hurst. Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self‑Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

Heinrichs, Waldo H., Jr. American Ambassador: Joseph C. Grew and the Development of the United States Diplomatic Tradition. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966.

Hobsbawm, E. J. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Hobsbawm, E. J., and Terence Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Hourani, Albert. Emergence of the Modern Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.

Hunt, Lynn. Politics, Culture and Class in the French Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

İçduygu, Ahmet, and Özlem Kaygusuz. “The Politics of Citizenship by Drawing Borders: Foreign Policy and the Construction of National Citizenship Identity in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 26–50.

Ireland, Philip W. “Turkish Foreign Policy after Munich.” Political Quarterly 10 (1939): 185–201.

Jankowski, James P., and Israel Gershoni, Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Joffé, George H. “Disputes over State Boundaries in the Middle East and North Africa. In The Middle East in Global Change: The Politics and Economics of Independence versus Fragmentation, edited by Laura Guazzone, 58–75. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Kaplan, Sam. “Documenting History, Historicizing Documentation: French Military Officials’ Ethnological Reports on Cilicia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 44 (2002): 344–69.

Kaplan, Sam. “Territorializing Armenians: Geo‑texts, and Political Imaginaries in French‑occupied Cilicia, 1919–1920.” History and Anthropology 15 (2004): 399–423.

Karaomerlioğlu, M. Asım “The People’s Houses and the Cult of the Peasant in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 34 (1998): 67–91.

Karpat, Kemal H. “The People’s Houses in Turkey: Establishment and Growth.” Middle East Journal 17 (1963): 55–67.

Karsh, Efraim, and Inari Karsh. “Reflections on Arab Nationalism.” Middle Eastern Studies 32 (1996): 367–92.

Kasaba, Reşat. “Diversity in Antakya: A Historical Perspective.” In The Mediterranean World: The Idea, the Past and the Present, edited by Kudret Emiroğlu, Oktay Özel, Eyüp Özveren, Süha Ünsal, 207–22. Istanbul: Iletişim, 2006.

Kasmieh, Khairia. “An Effort to Foster Arab Nationalism in the early 1930s: The League of National Action.” In From the Syrian Land to the States of Syria and Lebanon, edited by Thomas Philipp and Christoph Schumann, 329–41 Beirut: Orient-Institut der DMG Beirut, 2004.

(p. 293 ) Khadduri, Majid. “The Alexandretta Dispute.” American Journal of International Law 39 (1945): 406–25.

Khalidi, Rashid. “Arab Nationalism: Historical Problems in the Literature,” American Historical Review 96 (1991): 1363–73.

Khalidi, Rashid, Lisa Anderson, Muhammad Muslih, and Reeva Simon. The Origins of Arab Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Khoury, Philip S. “Continuity and Change in Syrian Political Life: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” American Historical Review 96 (1991): 1374–95.

Khoury, Philip S. “A Reinterpretation of the Origins and Aims of the Great Syrian Revolt, 1925–1927.” In Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses. Studies in Honor of Constantine K Zurayk, edited by George N. Atiyeh and Ibrahim M. Oweiss, 241–71. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.

Khoury, Philip S. Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Khoury, Philip S. “The Syrian Independence Movement and the Growth of Economic Nationalism in Damascus.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies) 14 (1987): 25–36.

Khoury, Philip S. “Syrian Urban Politics in Transition: The Quarters of Damascus during the French Mandate.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 16 (1984): 507–40.

Khuri, Fuad I. “The Alawis of Syria: Religious Ideology and Organization.” In Syria: Society, Culture, and Polity, edited by Richard T. Antoun and Donald Quataert, 49–61. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.

Knatchbull‑Hugessen, Sir Hughe. Diplomat in Peace and War. London: John Murray, 1949.

Kramer, Lloyd. Nationalism: Political Cultures in Europe and America, 1775–1865. New York: Twayne Publishers,1998.

Lijphart, Arend. “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies.” Journal of Democracy 15 (2004): 96–109.

Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.

Longrigg, Stephen Hemsley. Syria and Lebanon under French Mandate. London: Oxford University Press, 1958.

Lustick, Ian. “Stability in Deeply Divided Societies: Consociationalism versus Control.” World Politics 31 (1979): 325–44.

Lynch, Allen. “Woodrow Wilson and the Principle of ‘National Self-Determination’: A Reconsideration.” Review of International Studies 28 (2002): 419–36.

Makdisi, Ussama. “Ottoman Orientalism.” The American Historical Review 107 (2002): 768–96.

Mango, Andrew. Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1999.

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.

Mazower, Mark. “Minorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe.” Daedalus 126 (1997): 47–64

McCarthy, Justin. Muslims and Minorities: The Population of Ottoman Anatolia and the End of the Empire. New York: New York University Press, 1983.

McBain, Howard Lee. The New Constitutions of Europe. New York: Doubleday, 1922.

McGarry, John, and Brendan O’Leary, “Iraq’s Constitution of 2005: Liberal Consociation as Political Prescription.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 5 (2007): 670–98.

Micallef, Roberta. “Hatay Joins the Motherland.” In State Frontiers: Borders and Boundaries in the Middle East, edited by Inga Brandell, 141–58. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006.

Migdal, Joel S. “Mental Maps and Virtual Checkpoints: Struggles to Construct and Maintain State and Social Boundaries.” In Boundaries and Belonging: States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices, edited by Joel S. Migdal, 3–23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Millman, Brock. The Ill‑Made Alliance: Anglo‑Turkish Relations, 1934–1940. Montreal: McGill‑Queen’s University Press, 1998.

(p. 294 ) Millman, Brock. “Turkish Foreign and Strategic Policy 1934–42.” Middle Eastern Studies 31 (1995): 485–86.

Mina, Hanna. Fragments of Memory: A Story of a Syrian Family. Translated by Olive Kenny and Lorne Kenny. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2004.

Mizrahi, Jean‑David. “La France et sa politique de mandat en syrie et au liban (1920–1939).” In France, Syrie et Liban 1918–1946: Les ambiguités et les dynamiques de la relation mandataire, edited by Nadine Méouchy, 35–65. Damascus, 2002.

Mizrahi, Jean‑David. “Un ‘nationalisme de la frontière’: Bandes armées et sociabilités politiques sur la frontière turco‑syrienne au début des années 1920.” Vingtième siècle 2003: 19–34.

Morin, Aysel. “Crafting a Nation: The Mythic Construction of the New Turkish National Identity in Atatürk’s Nutuk.” Paper presented at the Cornell University Turkish Forum, “European Turkey: Modernization, Secularism, and Islam,” December 3–4, 2004.

Musgrave, Thomas D. Self‑Determination and National Minorities. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

O’Leary, Brandon. “Debating Consociational Politics: Normative and Explanatory Arguments.” In From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies, edited by Sidney John Roderick Noel, 3–43. Montreal: McGill‑Queen’s Press, 2005.

Omar, Saleh. “Philosophical Origins of the Arab Ba’th Party: The Work of Zaki al‑Arsuzi.” Arab Studies Quarterly 18 (1996).

Öz, Yılmaz. Quotations from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Ankara: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1982.

Papen, Franz von. Memoirs. Translated by Brian Connell. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1953.

Preece, Jennifer Jackson. “Minority Rights in Europe: From Westphalia to Helsinki.” Review of International Studies 23 (1997): 75–92.

Preece, Jennifer Jackson. National Minorities and the European Nation-States System. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Pomerance, Michla. “The United States and Self‑Determination: Perspectives on the Wilsonian Conception.” The American Journal of International Law 70 (1976): 1–27.

Provence, Michael. The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.

Puaux, Gabriel. Deux Années au Levant: Souvenirs de Syrie et du Liban 1939–1940. Paris: Hachette, 1952.

Quataert, Donald. “Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720–1829.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29 (1997): 403–25.

Rabinovich, Itamar. “The Compact Minorities and the Syrian State, 1918–45.” Journal of Contemporary History 14 (1979): 693–712.

Richmond, Oliver P. “States of Sovereignty, Sovereign States, and Ethnic Claims for International Status.” Review of International Studies 28 (2002): 381–402.

Rondot, Pierre. “L’experience du Mandat francais en Syrie et au Liban, 1918–45,” in Revue Générale de Droit International Public, 18 (1947): 387–407.

Rosting, Helmer. “Protection of Minorities by the League of Nations.” American Journal of International Law 17 (1923): 641–60.

Sahlins, Peter. Boundaries: The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

Sahlins, Peter. “State Formation and National Identity in the Catalan Borderlands during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” In Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers, edited by Thomas Wilson and Hastings Donnan, 31–61. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Sanjian, Avedis K. “The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay): Its Impact on Turkish‑Syrian Relations (1939–1956).” Middle East Journal 10 (1956): 379–94.

Satloff, Robert B. “Prelude to Conflict: Communal Interdependence in the Sanjak of Alexandretta 1920–1936.” Middle Eastern Studies 22 (1986): 147–80.

Schmitz, David F. Thank God They’re on Our Side: The United States and Right‑Wing Dictatorships, 1921–1965. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

(p. 295 ) Scott, James C. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

Seale, Patrick. Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Seymour, Charles. How the World Votes: The Story of Democratic Development in Elections. Springfield, MA: C. A. Nichols, 1918.

Shambrook, Peter. “Bypassing the Nationalists: Comte Damien de Martel’s ‘Administrative’ Reforms of January 1936.” In France, Syrie et Liban 1918–1946: Les ambiguités et les dynamiques de la relation mandataire, edited by Nadine Méouchy, 230–33. Damascus, 2002.

Shambrook, Peter A. French Imperialism in Syria 1927–1936. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1998.

Shennawy, Abdel Aziz. “The Restoration of Hatay, an Attempt Begun by Atatürk and Achieved by İnönü.” Büyük Zafer ve Sonuçları. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Universitesi Yayınları, 1982: 223–47.

Sherrill, Charles H. A Year’s Embassy to Mustafa Kemal. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1934.

Shields, Sarah. “Convivencia and Muslims.” Pacem 4 (2001): 39–53.

Shields, Sarah D. “Sheep, Nomads and Merchants in Nineteenth‑Century Mosul: Creating Transformations in an Ottoman Society.” Journal of Social History 25 (1992): 773–89.

Shields, Sarah. “The U.S. and the Sancak Question: Navigating a New Relationship in a Rapidly Changing Context,” forthcoming.

Şimşek, Sefa. “‘People’s Houses’ as a Nationnwide Project for Ideological Mobilization in Early Republican Turkey.” Turkish Studies 6 (2005): 71–91.

Sluglett, Peter. “Aspects of Economy and Society in the Syrian Provinces: Aleppo in Transition, 1880–1925.” In Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, edited by Leila Tarazi Fawaz and C.A. Bayly, 144–57. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.

Sluglett, Peter. “Will the Real Nationalists Stand Up? The Political Activities of the Notables of Aleppo, 1919–1946.” In France, syrie et Liban 1918–1946: Les ambiguités et les dynamiques de la relation mandataire, edited by Nadine Méouchy, 273–90. Damascus, 2002.

Sökmen, Tayfur. Hatay’in Kurtuluşu İçin Harcanan Çabalar. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1992.

Stillwell, Stephen Joseph, Jr. Anglo-Turkish Relations in the Interwar Era. Lewiston, ME: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003.

Stokes, Martin. “Imagining ‘the South’: Hybridity, Heterotapias and Arabesk on the Turkish-Syrian Border.” In Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers, edited by Thomas Wilson and Hastings Donnan, 263–87. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Tauber, Eliezer. “The Struggle for Dayr al-Zur: The Determination of Borders between Syria and Iraq.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 23 (1991): 361–85.

Tekin, Mehmet. Hatay Basınında Atatürk. Antakya: Antakya Gazeteciler Cemiyeti, 1985.

Tekin, Mehmet. Hatay Devlet Reisi Tayfur Sökmen. Antakya: Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2002.

Tekin, Mehmet. Hatay Tarihi. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi BaşkanlığıYayınları, 2000.

Temiz, Mine. “New Architectural Formations on the Mandate‑Era Kurtuluş Street in Antakya.” Chronoc: Revue d’histoire de l’université de Balamand 13 (2006): 181–230.

Thobie, Jacques. “Le nouveau cours des relations franco‑turques et l’affaire du sandjak d’Alexandrette 1921–1939.” Relations internationales 19 (1979): 355–74.

Thomas, Martin. The French Empire between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 2005.

Thomas, Martin C. “French Intelligence‑Gathering in the Syrian Mandate, 1920–1940.” Middle Eastern Studies 38 (2002): 1–32.

Thomas, Martin. “Imperial Defence or Diversionary Attack? Anglo‑French Strategic Planning in the Near East, 1936–40.” In Anglo‑French Defence Relations between the Wars, edited by Martin S. Alexander and William J. Philpott. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Thompson, Elizabeth. Colonial Citizens. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Thornberry, Patrick. International Law and the Rights of Minorities. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Tibi, Bassam. Arab Nationalism: Between Islam and the Nation State. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

(p. 296 ) Trask, Roger R. The United States Response to Turkish Nationalism and Reform, 1914–1939. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971.

Türkmen, Ahmet Faik. Mufassal Hatay: Tarih, cografya, ekalliyetler, mezhepler, edebiyat, içtimai durum, lengüistik durum, folklor, etnografya ve Hatay davcasini ihtiva eden 4 cild, v. 1–2. Istanbul: Cumhuriyet Matbaasi, 1937.

Turkyılmaz, Zeynep. “Anxieties of Conversion: Missionaries, State and Heterodox Communities in the Late Ottoman Empire.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Los Angeles, 2009.

VanderLippe, John M. The Politics of Turkish Democracy: İsmet İnönü and the Formation of the Multi‑Party Sustem, 1938–1950. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005.

Veou, Paul du. Le desastre d’Alexandrette. Paris: Éditions Baudincine, 1938.

Walters, F.P. A History of the League of Nations. London: Oxford University Press, 1952.

Wambaugh, Sarah. A Monograph on Plebiscites with a Collection of Official Documents. New York: Oxford University Press, 1920.

Watenpaugh, Keith David. Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Watenpaugh, Keith. “‘Creating Phantoms’: Zaki al‑Arsuzi, the Alexandretta Crisis, and the Formation of Modern Arab Nationalism in Syria,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): 363–89.

Weinberg, Gerhard L. Hitler’s Foreign Policy, 1933–1939: The Road to World War II. New York: Enigma Books, 2005)

Weisband, Edward. “The Sanjak of Alexandretta, 1920–1939: A Case Study.” Near East Roundtable, 1967–68, edited by R. Bayly Winder. New York, 1969.

Weulresse, Jacques. “Antioch, essai de geographie urbaine.” Bulletin d’études orientales 4 (1935): 27–79.

Whelan, Anthony. “Wilsonian Self‑Determination and the Versailles Settlement.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 99 (1994): 99–115.

Winter, Stefan H. “The Nusayris before the Tanzimat in the Eyes of Ottoman Provincial Administrators, 1804–1834.” In From the Syrian Land to the States of Syria and Lebanon, edited by Thomas Philipp and Christoph Schumann, 97–112. Beirut: Orient-Institut der DMG Beirut, 2004.

Yeğen, Mesut. “Citizenship and Ethnicity in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (2004): 51–66.

Yeğen, Mesut. “Turkish Nationalism and the Kurdish Question.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (2007): 119–51.

Yerasimos, Stéphane. “Le sandjak d’Alexandrette: formation et intégration d’un territoire.” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (July 2004): 198–212.

Young, Robert J. “The Aftermath of Munich: The Course of French Diplomacy, October 1938 to March 1939.” French Historical Studies 8 (1973): 305–22.

Zhivkova, Ludmila. Anglo‑Turkish Relations 1933–1939. London: Secker and Warburg, 1976.

Zubaida, Sami. “The Fragments Imagine the Nation: The Case of Iraq.” International Journal of Middle East Studies (2002): 205–15.

Zürcher, Erik-Jan. “From Empire to Republic—Problems of Transition, Continuity and Change.” In Turkey in the Twentieth Century, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, 15–30. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2008.