Capturing Attention in the Laboratory and the Real World
Researchers have long been interested in the forces that control the movement of visual attention. As far back as the writings of William James (1842–1910), psychologists have made the distinction between two types of attention movements: movements that are endogenous, driven by the goals and intentions of the observer, and movements that are exogenous, driven by stimulus properties in the visual environment. This chapter reviews the basic attention capture literature and the important findings of various attention capture paradigms, cites examples within the basic attention capture literature that suggest instances in which attention capture might fail to scale up, and explains how laboratory research does (or does not) scale up to address real-world problems. It concludes by discussing two recent experiments that ask how best to alert operators to important changes on cluttered dynamic radar displays.
Keywords: William James, visual attention, attention capture, attention guidance, laboratory research, real-world problems, attention movements, radar displays
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