Abstract: Examines the books of Haggai and Zechariah 1–8 for information about the social structure of the Judaean community in the Restoration period. The main issue is the relationship between the governor Zerubbabel, who was a Davidic descendant, and Joshua, son of Jehozadak, who was historically speaking probably the first person to be called ‘high priest’. The book of Haggai gives precedence to Zerubbabel, and ends with, what appears to be, a prophecy of monarchic restoration addressed to Zerubbabel. Similarly, in the night visions of Zechariah, Joshua appears purely as a cultic official, alongside oracles anticipating the arrival of a royal or messianic figure. At this stage, therefore, the high priest appears to be purely a Temple official, as was the case for the pre-exilic chief priests, and there are still hopes for restoration of the monarchy.

Keywords: Haggai, Joshua, son of Jehozadak, night visions of Zechariah, Restoration-period Judah, Zerubbabel,