This chapter takes up a variety of referring devices and issues that arise in discussing their semantics: ordinary proper names (such as ‘Socrates’ and ‘Plato’), the numerals, function terms, date names like ‘December 7th, 1941’, indexicals (such as ‘I’), and simple demonstratives (‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’). It is argued that the framework itself is not committed to any particular theory about the functioning of proper names, and that it is flexible enough to accommodate both direct reference theories of proper names and Fregean or neo-Fregean accounts.
Keywords: numerals, function terms, date names, demonstratives, context sensitivity