Abstract: In a scientific model typically the phenomena is embedded in a larger nature or reality. Whether we take this at face value or bracket the question of reality, we need to investigate the relations of this theoretically postulated reality to the phenomena, and to the appearances of those phenomena in measurement. But philosophical views of science have largely remained captive to certain criteria of completeness, of which the main remaining contender is the Appearance from Reality Criterion. The greatly changed conception of physical theory at the end of the modern period will challenge this criterion as well.

Keywords: phenomena, appearances, Copernicus, determinism, common cause, Descartes, completeness criteria, representation,