I first outline the general theory of proto-referring acts, which is the basis for a unified semantics of noun phrases. I then concentrate on proper names, utilising referential trees, to provide a theory of proper names that is neither direct referentialist nor descriptivist, and which is perfectly neutral on denoting and non-denoting names
Keywords: fiction, negative existential, noun phrase, proper name, proto-referring acts, referential tree, repertoire rule,