Abstract: Discussion of a range of problems about subjunctive ‘If P, Q’ in cases when P is actually true and in cases when Q is actually true. The particular-fact problem concerning subjunctives about indeterministic events (‘If you had bet heads, you would have won’); its solution, involving notion of ‘same causal chain’. Independent subjunctives are identified and snubbed.

Keywords: conditionals, independent subjunctives, indeterminism, subjunctive conditionals,