Abstract: This chapter discusses the Stoic theory of the final end. It considers the various formulations of the Stoic end to impose some order on the multiplicity. The problem of ‘living consistently’ is shown to be a bad translation of an uninformative formulation. Ancient and anti-Stoic allegations of incoherence, unoriginality, and other problems with the Stoic end are reviewed. Finally, some Stoics’ responses to these charges, and other texts in which they offer discussions of their end and how these were formulated are presented.

Keywords: final end, Stoicism, philosophy, Stoics,