Free will is taken as a prerequisite for moral responsibility. The tangled history of debates over its meaning and existence is briefly reviewed. The principal aim of this chapter is to eliminate one of the worries that seems to threaten our conception of ourselves as free agents, namely neurobiological reductionism — the worry that ‘my neurons made me do it’. The following arguments are brought forward from previous chapters: that organisms are (often) the causes of their own behavior; that humans are capable of using and understanding the meaning of language; that humans act for reasons, not merely on the basis of causes; and that mature humans are able to act on the basis of moral concepts. These are used to critique some of the usual categories under which the idea of free will has been debated.
Keywords: moral responsibility, free agents, moral concepts