This chapter argues that the minds of all animals (even honey bees) are organized around a perception/belief/desire/planning/motor-control architecture. There are also multiple modules for generating beliefs, for generating desires and other forms of motivation, for storing those states in memory, and for controlling action. Evidence of dual visual systems in mammals, and against the existence of any sort of general learning is presented. It is argued that some animals might utilize mental rehearsal of action schemata to increase the flexibility of their decision making.
Keywords: animal, bees, belief, desire, dual visual systems, general learning, memory, mental rehearsal, module, motivation