Abstract: Do people who see in black and white see black and white? Most people assume that totally color-blind people see the whiteness of their shirts, the grayness of their trousers, and the blackness of their shoes. They feel the same way about animals that see only in black and white. This chapter's thesis is that only those who see in color see black and white. Its premise is that some positively equivalent representations have unequal amounts of negative information.

Keywords: negative, color, color-blind,