Abstract: This chapter critically appraises Audi's theory of normative grounds for belief and action, focusing on the theory's commitment to access and supervenience internalism. It considers Audi's response to two standard objections to internalism about justification—one objection based on content externalism and the other objection concerning memory-based belief—and argues that the objections still do serious damage to internalism. It also considers and criticizes Audi's positive case for internalism, focusing on two arguments: one argument concerning the “availability” of justifiers and the other concerning ‘cases of perfect hallucination’. The chapter concludes that an externalist theory can accommodate Audi's insights and avoid the problems faced by internalist theories.

Keywords: internalism, justification, epistemology, content, memory, access, hallucination,