The ontological commitments of various applied mathematical theories are evaluated by determining which posits involved are ontologically independent. The most intricate of these, a portion of Newtonian physics, involves the evaluation of spatial and temporal points, space itself, forces, and so on. It’s argued that none of the former, despite being ontological commitments of the theory in the Quinean sense, are commitments in the more refined sense developed in this book.
Keywords: absolute space, forces, ontological commitments, ontological independence, Newtonian physics, spatial points, temporal points,