Abstract: This book explores the connections between art and life in the works of three giants of musical romanticism. Drawing on contemporary critical theory and a wide variety of 19th-century sources, it considers topics including Schubert and Schumann's uncanny ability to evoke memory in music, the supposed cryptographic practices of Schumann and Brahms, and the allure of the Hungarian Gypsy style for Brahms and others in the Schumann circle. The book offers a fresh perspective on the music of these composers, including a discussion of the 19th-century practice of cryptography, a debunking of the myth that Schumann and Brahms planted codes for “Clara Schumann’ throughout their works, and attention to the late works of Schumann not as evidence of the composer's descent into madness but as inspiration for his successors. The book portrays the three key players as musical storytellers, each in his own way simulating the structure of lived experience in works of art.

Keywords: musical romanticism, Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Hungarian Gypsy style, cryptography