This chapter offers three main arguments. The first is a claim that existing perspectives on international norms are limited by their focus on norms as outcomes. The second main argument develops a general model of normative change. At the heart of the model is a cycle linking actions to disputes, disputes to arguments, and arguments to norm change. The final section of the chapter argues that the dynamic of international norm change over the past century exhibits an overarching pattern.
Keywords: international law, international norms, normative change,