This chapter focuses on estimating agricultural income uncertainties for a number of different household types in Ghana, Vietnam, and Peru. The results indicate that market and non-market uncertainties significantly affect the variability of agricultural income of households in these countries, and especially households that are specialized in a few commodities. However, under current policies, almost all of their income variability is due to domestic factors, with international prices not contributing much, at least in the short run. Wider exposure to international markets would increase the income variability of producers who have been subjected to domestic market stabilization policies in Ghana and Vietnam, while it would decrease it in the case of Peru.
Keywords: commodity prices, risk, households, income uncertainties, Ghana, Vietnam, Peru, agricultural income