This chapter provides a case history of Aracruz Celulose, a Brazilian company established to implement an innovative project – the creation of planted forestry, using fast-growing eucalyptus, for the manufacture of pulp for the world's paper industry. This chapter discusses issues of sustainable development, social benefits, environmental management, and challenges. Keywords:Aracruz Cellulose,
Brazil,
eucalyptus,
forestry,
sustainable development