Pierluigi Frisco
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199542864
- eISBN:
- 9780191715679
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542864.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Biology
How could we use living cells to perform computation? Would our definition of computation change as a consequence of this? Could such a cell-computer outperform digital computers? These are some of ...
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How could we use living cells to perform computation? Would our definition of computation change as a consequence of this? Could such a cell-computer outperform digital computers? These are some of the questions that the study of Membrane Computing tries to answer and are at the base of what is treated by this monograph. Descriptional and computational complexity of models in Membrane Computing are the two lines of research on which is the focus here. In this context this book reports the results of only some of the models present in this framework. The models considered here represent a very relevant part of all the models introduced so far in the study of Membrane Computing. They are in between the most studied models in the field and they cover a broad range of features (using symbol objects or string objects, based only on communications, inspired by intra- and intercellular processes, having or not having a tree as underlying structure, etc.) that gives a grasp of the enormous flexibility of this framework. Links with biology and Petri nets are constant through this book. This book aims also to inspire research. This book gives suggestions for research of various levels of difficulty and this book clearly indicates their importance and the relevance of the possible outcomes. Readers new to this field of research will find the provided examples particularly useful in the understanding of the treated topics.Less
How could we use living cells to perform computation? Would our definition of computation change as a consequence of this? Could such a cell-computer outperform digital computers? These are some of the questions that the study of Membrane Computing tries to answer and are at the base of what is treated by this monograph. Descriptional and computational complexity of models in Membrane Computing are the two lines of research on which is the focus here. In this context this book reports the results of only some of the models present in this framework. The models considered here represent a very relevant part of all the models introduced so far in the study of Membrane Computing. They are in between the most studied models in the field and they cover a broad range of features (using symbol objects or string objects, based only on communications, inspired by intra- and intercellular processes, having or not having a tree as underlying structure, etc.) that gives a grasp of the enormous flexibility of this framework. Links with biology and Petri nets are constant through this book. This book aims also to inspire research. This book gives suggestions for research of various levels of difficulty and this book clearly indicates their importance and the relevance of the possible outcomes. Readers new to this field of research will find the provided examples particularly useful in the understanding of the treated topics.
Stéphane Boucheron, Gábor Lugosi, and Pascal Massart
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199535255
- eISBN:
- 9780191747106
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535255.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics, Applied Mathematics
This monograph presents a mathematical theory of concentration inequalities for functions of independent random variables. The basic phenomenon under investigation is that if a function of many ...
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This monograph presents a mathematical theory of concentration inequalities for functions of independent random variables. The basic phenomenon under investigation is that if a function of many independent random variables does not depend too much on any of them then it is concentrated around its expected value. This book offers a host of inequalities to quantify this statement. The authors describe the interplay between the probabilistic structure (independence) and a variety of tools ranging from functional inequalities, transportation arguments, to information theory. Applications to the study of empirical processes, random projections, random matrix theory, and threshold phenomena are presented. The book offers a self-contained introduction to concentration inequalities, including a survey of concentration of sums of independent random variables, variance bounds, the entropy method, and the transportation method. Deep connections with isoperimetric problems are revealed. Special attention is paid to applications to the supremum of empirical processes.Less
This monograph presents a mathematical theory of concentration inequalities for functions of independent random variables. The basic phenomenon under investigation is that if a function of many independent random variables does not depend too much on any of them then it is concentrated around its expected value. This book offers a host of inequalities to quantify this statement. The authors describe the interplay between the probabilistic structure (independence) and a variety of tools ranging from functional inequalities, transportation arguments, to information theory. Applications to the study of empirical processes, random projections, random matrix theory, and threshold phenomena are presented. The book offers a self-contained introduction to concentration inequalities, including a survey of concentration of sums of independent random variables, variance bounds, the entropy method, and the transportation method. Deep connections with isoperimetric problems are revealed. Special attention is paid to applications to the supremum of empirical processes.
Lyn C. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199232130
- eISBN:
- 9780191715914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232130.001.1
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Finance
Credit scoring — the quantitative and statistical techniques which assess the credit risks when lending to consumers — has been one of the most successful if unsung applications of mathematics in ...
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Credit scoring — the quantitative and statistical techniques which assess the credit risks when lending to consumers — has been one of the most successful if unsung applications of mathematics in business for the last fifty years. Now though, credit scoring is beginning to be used in relation to other decisions rather than the traditional one of assessing the default risk of a potential borrower. Lenders are changing their objectives from minimizing defaults to maximizing profits; using the internet and the telephone as application channels means lenders can price or customize their loans for individual consumers. The introduction of the Basel Capital Accord banking regulations and the credit crunch following the problems with securitizing sub prime mortgage mean one needs to be able to extend the default risk models from individual consumer loans to portfolios of such loans. Addressing these challenges requires new models that use credit scores as inputs. These in turn require extensions of what is meant by a credit score. This book reviews the current methodology for building scorecards, clarifies what a credit score really is, and the way that scoring systems are measured. It then looks at the models that can be used to address a number of these new challenges: how to obtain profitability based scoring systems; pricing new loans in a way that reflects their risk and also customise them to attract consumers; how the Basel Accord impacts on way credit scoring; and how credit scoring can be extended to assess the credit risk of portfolios of loans.Less
Credit scoring — the quantitative and statistical techniques which assess the credit risks when lending to consumers — has been one of the most successful if unsung applications of mathematics in business for the last fifty years. Now though, credit scoring is beginning to be used in relation to other decisions rather than the traditional one of assessing the default risk of a potential borrower. Lenders are changing their objectives from minimizing defaults to maximizing profits; using the internet and the telephone as application channels means lenders can price or customize their loans for individual consumers. The introduction of the Basel Capital Accord banking regulations and the credit crunch following the problems with securitizing sub prime mortgage mean one needs to be able to extend the default risk models from individual consumer loans to portfolios of such loans. Addressing these challenges requires new models that use credit scores as inputs. These in turn require extensions of what is meant by a credit score. This book reviews the current methodology for building scorecards, clarifies what a credit score really is, and the way that scoring systems are measured. It then looks at the models that can be used to address a number of these new challenges: how to obtain profitability based scoring systems; pricing new loans in a way that reflects their risk and also customise them to attract consumers; how the Basel Accord impacts on way credit scoring; and how credit scoring can be extended to assess the credit risk of portfolios of loans.
Tony Van Gestel and Bart Baesens
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545117
- eISBN:
- 9780191720147
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545117.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Finance
This book is the first book of a series of three that provides an overview of all aspects, steps, and issues that should be considered when undertaking credit risk management, including the Basel II ...
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This book is the first book of a series of three that provides an overview of all aspects, steps, and issues that should be considered when undertaking credit risk management, including the Basel II Capital Accord, which all major banks must comply with in 2008. The introduction of the recently suggested Basel II Capital Accord has raised many issues and concerns about how to appropriately manage credit risk. Managing credit risk is one of the next big challenges facing financial institutions. The importance and relevance of efficiently managing credit risk is evident from the huge investments that many financial institutions are making in this area, the booming credit industry in emerging economies (e.g. Brazil, China, India), the many events (courses, seminars, workshops) that are being organised on this topic, and the emergence of new academic journals and magazines in the field (e.g., Journal of Credit Risk,Journal of Risk Model Validation, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions). Financial risk management, an area of increasing importance with the recent Basel II developments, is discussed in terms of practical business impact and the increasing profitability competition, laying the foundation for the other two books in the series.Less
This book is the first book of a series of three that provides an overview of all aspects, steps, and issues that should be considered when undertaking credit risk management, including the Basel II Capital Accord, which all major banks must comply with in 2008. The introduction of the recently suggested Basel II Capital Accord has raised many issues and concerns about how to appropriately manage credit risk. Managing credit risk is one of the next big challenges facing financial institutions. The importance and relevance of efficiently managing credit risk is evident from the huge investments that many financial institutions are making in this area, the booming credit industry in emerging economies (e.g. Brazil, China, India), the many events (courses, seminars, workshops) that are being organised on this topic, and the emergence of new academic journals and magazines in the field (e.g., Journal of Credit Risk,Journal of Risk Model Validation, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions). Financial risk management, an area of increasing importance with the recent Basel II developments, is discussed in terms of practical business impact and the increasing profitability competition, laying the foundation for the other two books in the series.
Eduard Feireisl
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528388
- eISBN:
- 9780191713590
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528388.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
The book presents and develops the most recent ideas and concepts of the mathematical theory of viscous, compressible, and heat conducting fluids. Two main objectives are pursued: (i) global ...
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The book presents and develops the most recent ideas and concepts of the mathematical theory of viscous, compressible, and heat conducting fluids. Two main objectives are pursued: (i) global existence theory within the framework of variational solutions for the full Navier-Stokes-Fourier system supplemented with large data, and (ii) optimal existence results for barotropic flows with respect to the available a priori estimates.Less
The book presents and develops the most recent ideas and concepts of the mathematical theory of viscous, compressible, and heat conducting fluids. Two main objectives are pursued: (i) global existence theory within the framework of variational solutions for the full Navier-Stokes-Fourier system supplemented with large data, and (ii) optimal existence results for barotropic flows with respect to the available a priori estimates.
Mauro Fabrizio and Angelo Morro
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198527008
- eISBN:
- 9780191713316
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527008.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This book is devoted to the mathematical modelling of electromagnetic materials. Electromagnetism in matter is developed with particular emphasis on material effects, which are ascribed to memory in ...
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This book is devoted to the mathematical modelling of electromagnetic materials. Electromagnetism in matter is developed with particular emphasis on material effects, which are ascribed to memory in time and nonlocality. Within the mathematical modelling, thermodynamics of continuous media plays a central role in that it places significant restrictions on the constitutive equations. Further, as shown in connection with uniqueness, existence and stability, variational settings, and wave propagation, a correct formulation of the pertinent problems is based on the knowledge of the thermodynamic restrictions for the material. The book is divided into four parts. Part I (chapters 1 to 4) reviews the basic concepts of electromagnetism, starting from the integral form of Maxwell’s equations and then addressing attention to the physical motivation for materials with memory. Part II (chapers 5 to 9) deals with thermodynamics of systems with memory and applications to evolution and initial/boundary-value problems. It contains developments and results which are unusual in textbooks on electromagnetism and arise from the research literature, mainly post-1960s. Part III (chapters 10 to 12) outlines some topics of materials modelling — nonlinearity, nonlocality, superconductivity, and magnetic hysteresis — which are of great interest both in mathematics and in applications.Less
This book is devoted to the mathematical modelling of electromagnetic materials. Electromagnetism in matter is developed with particular emphasis on material effects, which are ascribed to memory in time and nonlocality. Within the mathematical modelling, thermodynamics of continuous media plays a central role in that it places significant restrictions on the constitutive equations. Further, as shown in connection with uniqueness, existence and stability, variational settings, and wave propagation, a correct formulation of the pertinent problems is based on the knowledge of the thermodynamic restrictions for the material. The book is divided into four parts. Part I (chapters 1 to 4) reviews the basic concepts of electromagnetism, starting from the integral form of Maxwell’s equations and then addressing attention to the physical motivation for materials with memory. Part II (chapers 5 to 9) deals with thermodynamics of systems with memory and applications to evolution and initial/boundary-value problems. It contains developments and results which are unusual in textbooks on electromagnetism and arise from the research literature, mainly post-1960s. Part III (chapters 10 to 12) outlines some topics of materials modelling — nonlinearity, nonlocality, superconductivity, and magnetic hysteresis — which are of great interest both in mathematics and in applications.
Keith M. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199695591
- eISBN:
- 9780191774898
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695591.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
Cryptography is a vital technology that underpins the security of information in computer networks. This book presents an introduction to the role that cryptography plays in providing information ...
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Cryptography is a vital technology that underpins the security of information in computer networks. This book presents an introduction to the role that cryptography plays in providing information security for technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, payment cards, and wireless local area networks. Focusing on the fundamental principles that ground modern cryptography as they arise in modern applications, it avoids both an over-reliance on transient current technologies and over-whelming theoretical research. A short appendix is included for those looking for a deeper appreciation of some of the concepts involved. By the end of this book, the reader will not only be able to understand the practical issues concerned with the deployment of cryptographic mechanisms, including the management of cryptographic keys, but will also be able to interpret future developments in this increasingly important area of technology.Less
Cryptography is a vital technology that underpins the security of information in computer networks. This book presents an introduction to the role that cryptography plays in providing information security for technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, payment cards, and wireless local area networks. Focusing on the fundamental principles that ground modern cryptography as they arise in modern applications, it avoids both an over-reliance on transient current technologies and over-whelming theoretical research. A short appendix is included for those looking for a deeper appreciation of some of the concepts involved. By the end of this book, the reader will not only be able to understand the practical issues concerned with the deployment of cryptographic mechanisms, including the management of cryptographic keys, but will also be able to interpret future developments in this increasingly important area of technology.
Andreas Kirsch and Natalia Grinberg
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199213535
- eISBN:
- 9780191707629
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213535.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This book is devoted to problems of shape identification in the context of (inverse) scattering problems and problems of impedance tomography. In contrast to traditional methods which are based on ...
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This book is devoted to problems of shape identification in the context of (inverse) scattering problems and problems of impedance tomography. In contrast to traditional methods which are based on iterative schemes of solving sequences of corresponding direct problems, this book presents a completely different method. The Factorization Method avoids the need to solve the (time consuming) direct problems. Furthermore, no a-priori information about the type of scatterer (penetrable or impenetrable), type of boundary condition, or number of components is needed. The Factorization Method can be considered as an example of a Sampling Method. The book aims to construct a binary criterium on the known data to decide whether or not a given point z is inside or outside the unknown domain D. By choosing a grid of sampling points z in a region known to contain D, the characteristic function of D can be computed (in the case of finite data only approximately). The book also introduces some alternative Sampling Methods.Less
This book is devoted to problems of shape identification in the context of (inverse) scattering problems and problems of impedance tomography. In contrast to traditional methods which are based on iterative schemes of solving sequences of corresponding direct problems, this book presents a completely different method. The Factorization Method avoids the need to solve the (time consuming) direct problems. Furthermore, no a-priori information about the type of scatterer (penetrable or impenetrable), type of boundary condition, or number of components is needed. The Factorization Method can be considered as an example of a Sampling Method. The book aims to construct a binary criterium on the known data to decide whether or not a given point z is inside or outside the unknown domain D. By choosing a grid of sampling points z in a region known to contain D, the characteristic function of D can be computed (in the case of finite data only approximately). The book also introduces some alternative Sampling Methods.
David J. Steigmann
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198567783
- eISBN:
- 9780191746536
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198567783.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This book is suitable for a first-year graduate course on Non-linear Elasticity Theory. It is aimed at graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and researchers working in Mechanics. Included is a ...
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This book is suitable for a first-year graduate course on Non-linear Elasticity Theory. It is aimed at graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and researchers working in Mechanics. Included is a modern treatment of elementary plasticity theory emphasizing the foundational role played by finite elasticity. The book covers fundamental and advanced material that should be mastered before embarking on research. Included are the concepts of frame invariance, material symmetry, kinematic constraints, a development of nonlinear membrane theory, energy minimizers as stable equilibria and various attendant convexity conditions.Less
This book is suitable for a first-year graduate course on Non-linear Elasticity Theory. It is aimed at graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and researchers working in Mechanics. Included is a modern treatment of elementary plasticity theory emphasizing the foundational role played by finite elasticity. The book covers fundamental and advanced material that should be mastered before embarking on research. Included are the concepts of frame invariance, material symmetry, kinematic constraints, a development of nonlinear membrane theory, energy minimizers as stable equilibria and various attendant convexity conditions.
Andrea Braides
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507840
- eISBN:
- 9780191709890
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507840.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This book introduces the main concepts of the theory of De Giorgi's Gamma-convergence and gives a description of its main applications to the study of asymptotic variational problems. The content is ...
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This book introduces the main concepts of the theory of De Giorgi's Gamma-convergence and gives a description of its main applications to the study of asymptotic variational problems. The content is based on results obtained during thirty years of research. The book is divided into sixteen short chapters, an Introduction, and an Appendix. After explaining how a notion of variational convergence arises naturally from the study of the asymptotic behaviour of variational problems, the Introduction presents a number of examples that show how diversified the applications of this notion may be. The first chapter covers the abstract theory of Gamma-convergence, including its links with lower semicontinuity and relaxation, and the fundamental results on the convergence of minimum problems. The following ten chapters are all set in a one-dimensional framework to illustrate the main issues of convergence without the burden of high-dimensional technicalities. These include variational problems in Sobolev spaces, in particular homogenization theory, limits of discrete systems, segmentation and phase-transition problems, free-discontinuity problems and their approximation, etc. Chapters 12-15 are devoted to problems in a higher-dimensional setting, showing how some one-dimensional reasoning may be extended, if properly formulated, to a more general setting, and how some concepts already introduced can be integrated with vectorial issues. The final chapter introduces the more general and abstract localization methods of Gamma-convergence. All chapters are complemented by a guide to the literature, and a short description of extensions and developments.Less
This book introduces the main concepts of the theory of De Giorgi's Gamma-convergence and gives a description of its main applications to the study of asymptotic variational problems. The content is based on results obtained during thirty years of research. The book is divided into sixteen short chapters, an Introduction, and an Appendix. After explaining how a notion of variational convergence arises naturally from the study of the asymptotic behaviour of variational problems, the Introduction presents a number of examples that show how diversified the applications of this notion may be. The first chapter covers the abstract theory of Gamma-convergence, including its links with lower semicontinuity and relaxation, and the fundamental results on the convergence of minimum problems. The following ten chapters are all set in a one-dimensional framework to illustrate the main issues of convergence without the burden of high-dimensional technicalities. These include variational problems in Sobolev spaces, in particular homogenization theory, limits of discrete systems, segmentation and phase-transition problems, free-discontinuity problems and their approximation, etc. Chapters 12-15 are devoted to problems in a higher-dimensional setting, showing how some one-dimensional reasoning may be extended, if properly formulated, to a more general setting, and how some concepts already introduced can be integrated with vectorial issues. The final chapter introduces the more general and abstract localization methods of Gamma-convergence. All chapters are complemented by a guide to the literature, and a short description of extensions and developments.
Accounting for Oneself
Adjusting to a World in Motion
Advancing the Human Right to Health
Aid and Development
The AIDS Generation
Aliens and Strangers?
The Alternatives to War
Altruism in Humans
American Arcadia
