Mathematics

This book is an introduction to surgery theory, the standard algebraic topology classification method for manifolds of dimension greater than 4. It is aimed at those who have already been on a basic topology course, and would now like to understand the topology of high-dimensional manifolds. This text contains entry-level accounts of the various prerequisites of both algebra and topology. Surgery theory expresses the manifold structure set in terms of the topological K-theory of vector bundles and the algebraic L-theory of quadratic forms. While concentrating on the basic mechanics of surgery, this book includes many worked examples, useful drawings for illustration of the algebra and references for further reading.

The minimal model program in algebraic geometry is a conjectural sequence of algebraic surgery operations that simplifies any algebraic variety to a point where it can be decomposed into pieces with negative, zero, and positive curvature, in a similar vein as the geometrization program in topology decomposes a three-manifold into pieces with a standard geometry. The last few years have seen dramatic advances in the minimal model program for higher dimensional algebraic varieties, with the proof of the existence of minimal models under appropriate conditions, and the prospect within a few years of having a complete generalization of the minimal model program and the classification of varieties in all dimensions, comparable to the known results for surfaces and 3-folds. This edited collection of chapters, authored by leading experts, provides a complete and self-contained construction of 3-fold and 4-fold flips, and n-dimensional flips assuming minimal models in dimension n-1. A large part of the text is an elaboration of the work of Shokurov, and a complete and pedagogical proof of the existence of 3-fold flips is presented. The book contains a self-contained treatment of many topics that could only be found, with difficulty, in the specialized literature. The text includes a ten-page glossary.

This book provides a systematic exposition of the theory of Fourier-Mukai transforms from an algebro-geometric point of view. Assuming a basic knowledge of algebraic geometry, the key aspect of this book is the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety. The derived category is a subtle invariant of the isomorphism type of a variety, and its group of autoequivalences often shows a rich structure. As it turns out — and this feature is pursued throughout the book — the behaviour of the derived category is determined by the geometric properties of the canonical bundle of the variety. Including notions from other areas, e.g., singular cohomology, Hodge theory, abelian varieties, K3 surfaces; full proofs and exercises are provided. The final chapter summarizes recent research directions, such as connections to orbifolds and the representation theory of finite groups via the McKay correspondence, stability conditions on triangulated categories, and the notion of the derived category of sheaves twisted by a gerbe.

Few people have proved more influential in the field of differential and algebraic geometry, and in showing how this links with mathematical physics, than Nigel Hitchin. Oxford University's Savilian Professor of Geometry has made fundamental contributions in areas as diverse as: spin geometry, instanton and monopole equations, twistor theory, symplectic geometry of moduli spaces, integrables systems, Higgs bundles, Einstein metrics, hyperkähler geometry, Frobenius manifolds, Painlevé equations, special Lagrangian geometry and mirror symmetry, theory of grebes, and many more. He was previously Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, as well as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick, is a Fellow of the Royal Society and has been the President of the London Mathematical Society. The chapters in this book, written by some of the greats in their fields (including four Fields Medalists), show how Hitchin's ideas have impacted on a wide variety of subjects. The book grew out of the Geometry Conference in Honour of Nigel Hitchin, held in Madrid.

Stochastic geometry is a subject with roots stretching back at least 300 years, but one which has only been formed as an academic area in the last 50 years. It covers the study of random patterns, their probability theory, and the challenging problems raised by their statistical analysis. It has grown rapidly in response to challenges in all kinds of applied science, from image analysis through to materials science. Recently, still more stimulus has arisen from exciting new links with rapidly developing areas of mathematics, from fractals through percolation theory to randomized allocation schemes. Coupled with many ongoing developments arising from all sorts of applications, the area is changing and developing rapidly. This book is intended to lay foundations for future research directions by collecting together seventeen chapters contributed by leading researchers in the field, both theoreticians and people involved in applications, surveying these new developments both in theory and in applications. It will introduce and lay foundations for appreciating the fresh perspectives, new ideas, and interdisciplinary connections now arising from stochastic geometry and from other areas of mathematics now connecting to this area.

Sasakian manifolds were first introduced in 1962. This book's main focus is on the intricate relationship between Sasakian and Kähler geometries, especially when the Kähler structure is that of an algebraic variety. The book is divided into three parts. The first five chapters carefully prepare the stage for the proper introduction of the subject. After a brief discussion of G-structures, the reader is introduced to the theory of Riemannian foliations. A concise review of complex and Kähler geometry precedes a fairly detailed treatment of compact complex Kähler orbifolds. A discussion of the existence and obstruction theory of Kähler-Einstein metrics (Monge-Ampère problem) on complex compact orbifolds follows. The second part gives a careful discussion of contact structures in the Riemannian setting. Compact quasi-regular Sasakian manifolds emerge here as algebraic objects: they are orbifold circle bundles over compact projective algebraic orbifolds. After a discussion of symmetries of Sasakian manifolds in Chapter 8, the book looks at Sasakian structures on links of isolated hypersurface singularities in Chapter 9. What follows is a study of compact Sasakian manifolds in dimensions three and five focusing on the important notion of positivity. The latter is crucial in understanding the existence of Sasaki-Einstein and 3-Sasakian metrics, which are studied in Chapters 11 and 13. Chapter 12 gives a fairly brief description of quaternionic geometry which is a prerequisite for Chapter 13. The study of Sasaki-Einstein geometry was the original motivation for the book. The final chapter on Killing spinors discusses the properties of Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, which allow them to play an important role as certain models in the supersymmetric field theories of theoretical physics.